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日拱一卒,一起来学伯克利CS61A,先做几道有趣的Python热身题

Python 起来 有趣 伯克利 几道 CS61A
2023-06-13 09:11:29 时间

作者 | 梁唐

大家好,日拱一卒,我是梁唐。

最近上了CS61A的公开课,还做了它们的作业,非常有意思,分享给大家。

这是这门课的第一份作业,作业基于Python,需要了解一点基础的Python语法,非常有意思。即使没有听过课也没有关系,因为课上其实没讲太多和作业有关的内容,感兴趣的同学不妨试着自己做做。

我们先来看题目,解答放在最后。

Q1: A Plus Abs B

给定两个数a和b,要求实现a + abs(b),但不允许调用abs函数,其中abs是计算绝对值的操作。

在空格处填写代码。

from operator import add, sub

def a_plus_abs_b(a, b):
    """Return a+abs(b), but without calling abs.

    >>> a_plus_abs_b(2, 3)
    5
    >>> a_plus_abs_b(2, -3)
    5
    """
    if b < 0:
        f = _____
    else:
        f = _____
    return f(a, b)

Q2:Two of Three

给定三个数,要求返回三个数中最大的两个数的平方和,并且只能填写一行代码。

def two_of_three(a, b, c):
    """Return x*x + y*y, where x and y are the two largest members of the
    positive numbers a, b, and c.

    >>> two_of_three(1, 2, 3)
    13
    >>> two_of_three(5, 3, 1)
    34
    >>> two_of_three(10, 2, 8)
    164
    >>> two_of_three(5, 5, 5)
    50
    """
    return _____

Q3:Largest Factor

给定一个整数n,要求返回除了n本身以外最大的因数。

def largest_factor(n):
    """Return the largest factor of n that is smaller than n.

    >>> largest_factor(15) # factors are 1, 3, 5
    5
    >>> largest_factor(80) # factors are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40
    40
    >>> largest_factor(13) # factor is 1 since 13 is prime
    1
    """
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"

Q4:If Function vs Statement

这题很有意思,首先给定一段代码实现类似if语句的功能。

def if_function(condition, true_result, false_result):
    """Return true_result if condition is a true value, and
    false_result otherwise.

    >>> if_function(True, 2, 3)
    2
    >>> if_function(False, 2, 3)
    3
    >>> if_function(3==2, 3+2, 3-2)
    1
    >>> if_function(3>2, 3+2, 3-2)
    5
    """
    if condition:
        return true_result
    else:
        return false_result

需要实现三个函数c,t,f

def with_if_statement():
    """
    >>> with_if_statement()
    1
    """
    if c():
        return t()
    else:
        return f()

def with_if_function():
    return if_function(c(), t(), f())

def c():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"

def t():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"

def f():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"

使得调用with_if_statement函数返回1,而with_if_function拥有不同的结果。

Q5: Hailstone

实现函数,给定整数n,反复执行如下过程:

  1. 如果n是偶数,则除以2
  2. 如果n是奇数,则乘3再加上1
  3. 如果n等于1,退出

要求函数当中打印n变化的过程,并且返回一共变化的次数

def hailstone(n):
    """Print the hailstone sequence starting at n and return its
    length.

    >>> a = hailstone(10)
    10
    5
    16
    8
    4
    2
    1
    >>> a
    7
    """
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"

解答

Q1

根据b的符号,决定f是加法或者减法

from operator import add, sub

def a_plus_abs_b(a, b):
    """Return a+abs(b), but without calling abs.

    >>> a_plus_abs_b(2, 3)
    5
    >>> a_plus_abs_b(2, -3)
    5
    """
    if b < 0:
        f = sub
    else:
        f = add
    return f(a, b)

Q2

这题我想了很久,逻辑很简单,但是要一行代码实现不容易。

后来发现要找出这三个元素当中较大的两个元素不容易,但可以先把三个数的平方和都相加,最后再减去最小数的平方和。

def two_of_three(a, b, c):
    """Return x*x + y*y, where x and y are the two largest members of the
    positive numbers a, b, and c.

    >>> two_of_three(1, 2, 3)
    13
    >>> two_of_three(5, 3, 1)
    34
    >>> two_of_three(10, 2, 8)
    164
    >>> two_of_three(5, 5, 5)
    50
    """
    return a * a + b * b + c * c - min(a, b, c) * min(a, b, c)

Q3

我这里从2开始遍历到

\sqrt n

寻找因数,如果都不能整除返回1

def largest_factor(n):
    """Return the largest factor of n that is smaller than n.

    >>> largest_factor(15) # factors are 1, 3, 5
    5
    >>> largest_factor(80) # factors are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40
    40
    >>> largest_factor(13) # factor is 1 since 13 is prime
    1
    """
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    import math
    for i in range(2, math.ceil(math.sqrt(n))):
        if n % i == 0:
            return n // i
    return 1

Q4

这两种if实现方式的区别在于return if_function(c(), t(), f())语句不论c()返回的结果是True还是Falsetf函数都会执行,因为只有执行了才能有值传入函数。而with_if_statement则不然,利用这点实现即可

def c():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return False

def t():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    print("it's running")

def f():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return 1

Q5

根据描述实现逻辑即可,没有难度

def hailstone(n):
    """Print the hailstone sequence starting at n and return its
    length.

    >>> a = hailstone(10)
    10
    5
    16
    8
    4
    2
    1
    >>> a
    7
    """
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    step = 1
    while True:
        print(n)
        if n == 1:
            break
        if n % 2 == 0:
            n = n // 2
        else:
            n = n * 3 + 1
        step += 1
    return step

我也把我的代码传到了GitHub上