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Spring MVC测试框架详解——服务端测试

Spring 测试框架 MVC 详解服务端

2023-09-27 14:24:47 时间

随着RESTful Web Service的流行，测试对外的Service是否满足期望也变的必要的。从Spring 3.2开始Spring了Spring Web测试框架，如果版本低于3.2，请使用spring-test-mvc项目（合并到spring3.2中了）。

Spring MVC测试框架提供了对服务器端和客户端（基于RestTemplate的客户端）提供了支持。

对于服务器端：在Spring 3.2之前，我们测试时一般都是直接new控制器，注入依赖，然后判断返回值。但是我们无法连同Spring MVC的基础设施（如DispatcherServlet调度、类型转换、数据绑定、拦截器等）一起测试，另外也没有现成的方法测试如最终渲染的视图（@ResponseBody生成的JSON/XML、JSP、Velocity等）内容是否正确。从Spring 3.2开始这些事情都可以完成了。而且可以测试完整的Spring MVC流程，即从URL请求到控制器处理，再到视图渲染都可以测试。

对于客户端：不需要启动服务器即可测试我们的RESTful 服务。

1 服务器端测试

我的环境：JDK7、Maven3、spring4、Servlet3

首先添加依赖

如下是spring-context和spring-webmvc依赖：

Java代码

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    &lt;dependency&gt;
        &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework&lt;/groupId&gt;
        &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-webmvc&lt;/artifactId&gt;
        &lt;version&gt;${spring.version}&lt;/version&gt;
    &lt;/dependency&gt;</pre>

版本信息：<spring.version>4.0.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
 
如下是测试相关的依赖（junit、hamcrest、mockito、spring-test）：
Java代码  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>junit</groupId>  
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
    <version>${junit.version}</version>  
    <scope>test</scope>  
</dependency>  
  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>  
    <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>  
    <version>${hamcrest.core.version}/version>  
    <scope>test</scope>  
</dependency>  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>  
    <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>  
    <version>${mockito.core.version}</version>  
    <scope>test</scope>  
</dependency>  
  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>  
    <version>${spring.version}</version>  
    <scope>test</scope>  
</dependency>  
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    &lt;dependency&gt;
        &lt;groupId&gt;org.hamcrest&lt;/groupId&gt;
        &lt;artifactId&gt;hamcrest-core&lt;/artifactId&gt;
        &lt;version&gt;${hamcrest.core.version}/version&gt;
        &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
    &lt;/dependency&gt;
    &lt;dependency&gt;
        &lt;groupId&gt;org.mockito&lt;/groupId&gt;
        &lt;artifactId&gt;mockito-core&lt;/artifactId&gt;
        &lt;version&gt;${mockito.core.version}&lt;/version&gt;
        &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
    &lt;/dependency&gt;

    &lt;dependency&gt;
        &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework&lt;/groupId&gt;
        &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-test&lt;/artifactId&gt;
        &lt;version&gt;${spring.version}&lt;/version&gt;
        &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
    &lt;/dependency&gt;</pre>

版本信息：<junit.version>4.11</junit.version>、<hamcrest.core.version>1.3</hamcrest.core.version>、<mockito.core.version>1.9.5</mockito.core.version>

然后准备测试相关配置

实体：

Java代码

package com.sishuok.mvc.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String name;
//省略getter/setter等
}

package com.sishuok.mvc.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    //省略getter/setter等
}

控制器：

Java代码

package com.sishuok.mvc.controller;
//省略import
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/{id}")
public ModelAndView view(@PathVariable("id") Long id, HttpServletRequest req) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(id);
user.setName("zhang");
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("user", user);
mv.setViewName("user/view");
return mv;
}
}

package com.sishuok.mvc.controller;
//省略import
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/{id}")
public ModelAndView view(@PathVariable("id") Long id, HttpServletRequest req) {
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(id);
    user.setName("zhang");

    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
    mv.addObject("user", user);
    mv.setViewName("user/view");
    return mv;
}

}

XML风格配置：

spring-config.xml：加载非web层组件

Java代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sishuok.mvc">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       ">
    <!-- 通过web.xml中的 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener 加载的  -->
    <!-- 请参考 http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/1602617  -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.sishuok.mvc">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
</beans>

spring-mvc.xml：加载和配置web层组件

Java代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sishuok.mvc" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       ">
    <!-- 通过web.xml中的 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet 加载的  -->
    <!-- 请参考 http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/1602617  -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.sishuok.mvc" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

web.xml配置：此处就不贴了，请前往github查看。

对于context:component-scan注意事项请参考《context:component-scan扫描使用上的容易忽略的use-default-filters》和《第三章 DispatcherServlet详解 ——跟开涛学SpringMVC》。

等价的注解风格配置：

AppConfig.java：等价于spring-config.xml

Java代码

package com.sishuok.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.sishuok.mvc", excludeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {Controller.class})
})
public class AppConfig {
}

package com.sishuok.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Configuration

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.sishuok.mvc", excludeFilters = {

@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {Controller.class})

})

public class AppConfig {

}

MvcConfig.java：等价于spring-mvc.xml

Java代码

package com.sishuok.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.sishuok.mvc", useDefaultFilters = false, includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {Controller.class})
})
public class MvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/jsp/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
return viewResolver;
}
}

package com.sishuok.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
@Configuration

@EnableWebMvc

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.sishuok.mvc", useDefaultFilters = false, includeFilters = {

@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {Controller.class})

})

public class MvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
    InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
    viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/jsp/");
    viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
    return viewResolver;
}

}

WebInitializer.java：注册相应的web.xml中的组件

Java代码

package com.sishuok.config;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;
import javax.servlet.FilterRegistration;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;
import java.util.EnumSet;
public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
@Override
public void onStartup(javax.servlet.ServletContext sc) throws ServletException {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
rootContext.register(AppConfig.class);
sc.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootContext));
//2、springmvc上下文
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext springMvcContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
springMvcContext.register(MvcConfig.class);
//3、DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(springMvcContext);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic dynamic = sc.addServlet("dispatcherServlet", dispatcherServlet);
dynamic.setLoadOnStartup(1);
dynamic.addMapping("/");
//4、CharacterEncodingFilter
CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("utf-8");
FilterRegistration filterRegistration =
sc.addFilter("characterEncodingFilter", characterEncodingFilter);
filterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST), false, "/");
}
}

package com.sishuok.config;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;

import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener;

import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;

import javax.servlet.FilterRegistration;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

import java.util.EnumSet;
public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
@Override
public void onStartup(javax.servlet.ServletContext sc) throws ServletException {

    AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    rootContext.register(AppConfig.class);
    sc.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootContext));

    //2、springmvc上下文
    AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext springMvcContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    springMvcContext.register(MvcConfig.class);
    //3、DispatcherServlet
    DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(springMvcContext);
    ServletRegistration.Dynamic dynamic = sc.addServlet("dispatcherServlet", dispatcherServlet);
    dynamic.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    dynamic.addMapping("/");

    //4、CharacterEncodingFilter
    CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
    characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("utf-8");
    FilterRegistration filterRegistration =
            sc.addFilter("characterEncodingFilter", characterEncodingFilter);
    filterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST), false, "/");

}

}

对于WebInitializer，请参考《Spring4新特性——Groovy Bean定义DSL》

到此基本的配置就搞定了，接下来看看如何测试吧。

1.1 以前的测试方式

Java代码

package com.sishuok.mvc.controller;
//省略import
public class UserControllerTest {
private UserController userController;
@Before
public void setUp() {
userController = new UserController();
//安装userCtroller依赖比如userService
}
@Test
public void testView() {
MockHttpServletRequest req = new MockHttpServletRequest();
ModelAndView mv = userController.view(1L, req);
ModelAndViewAssert.assertViewName(mv, "user/view");
ModelAndViewAssert.assertModelAttributeAvailable(mv, "user");
}
}

package com.sishuok.mvc.controller;
//省略import
public class UserControllerTest {
private UserController userController;

@Before
public void setUp() {
    userController = new UserController();
    //安装userCtroller依赖 比如userService
}

@Test
public void testView() {
    MockHttpServletRequest req = new MockHttpServletRequest();
    ModelAndView mv = userController.view(1L, req);

    ModelAndViewAssert.assertViewName(mv, "user/view");
    ModelAndViewAssert.assertModelAttributeAvailable(mv, "user");

}

}

准备控制器：我们通过new方式创建一个，然后手工查找依赖注入进去（比如从spring容器获取/new的）；

Mock Request：此处使用Spring提供的Mock API模拟一个HttpServletRequest，其他的Servlet API也提供了相应的Mock类，具体请查看Javadoc；

访问控制器方法：通过直接调用控制器方法进行访问，此处无法验证Spring MVC框架的类型转换、数据验证等是否正常；

ModelAndViewAssert：通过这个Assert API验证我们的返回值是否正常；

对于单元测试步骤请参考：加速Java应用开发速度3——单元/集成测试+CI

这种方式的缺点已经说过了，如不能走Spring MVC完整流程（不能走Servlet的过滤器链、SpringMVC的类型转换、数据验证、数据绑定、拦截器等等），如果做基本的测试没问题，这种方式就是纯粹的单元测试，我们想要的功能其实是一种集成测试，不过后续部分不区分。

1.2 安装测试环境

spring mvc测试框架提供了两种方式，独立安装和集成Web环境测试（此种方式并不会集成真正的web环境，而是通过相应的Mock API进行模拟测试，无须启动服务器）。

独立测试方式

Java代码

public class UserControllerStandaloneSetupTest {
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setUp() {
UserController userController = new UserController();
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(userController).build();
}
}

public class UserControllerStandaloneSetupTest {
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        UserController userController = new UserController();
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(userController).build();
    }
}

1、首先自己创建相应的控制器，注入相应的依赖

2、通过MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup模拟一个Mvc测试环境，通过build得到一个MockMvc

3、MockMvc：是我们以后测试时经常使用的API，后边介绍

集成Web环境方式

Java代码

//XML风格
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")
@ContextHierarchy({
@ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = "classpath:spring-config.xml"),
@ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = "classpath:spring-mvc.xml")
})
//注解风格
//@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")
//@ContextHierarchy({
// @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", classes = AppConfig.class),
// @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", classes = MvcConfig.class)
//})
public class UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setUp() {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
}
}

//XML风格
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")
@ContextHierarchy({
        @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = "classpath:spring-config.xml"),
        @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = "classpath:spring-mvc.xml")
})
//注解风格

//@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

//@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")

//@ContextHierarchy({

//        @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", classes = AppConfig.class),

//        @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", classes = MvcConfig.class)

//})

public class UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
private MockMvc mockMvc;

@Before
public void setUp() {
    mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
}

}

1、@WebAppConfiguration：测试环境使用，用来表示测试环境使用的ApplicationContext将是WebApplicationContext类型的；value指定web应用的根；

2、@ContextHierarchy：指定容器层次，即spring-config.xml是父容器，而spring-mvc.xml是子容器，请参考《第三章 DispatcherServlet详解 ——跟开涛学SpringMVC》

3、通过@Autowired WebApplicationContext wac：注入web环境的ApplicationContext容器；

4、然后通过MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build()创建一个MockMvc进行测试；

到此测试环境就搭建完成了，根据需要选择使用哪种方式即可。相关配置请前往github查看。

1.3、HelloWorld

Java代码

@Test
public void testView() throws Exception {
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("user/view"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("user"))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andReturn();
Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("user"));
}

    @Test
    public void testView() throws Exception {
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("user/view"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("user"))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
    Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("user"));
}</pre>

1、mockMvc.perform执行一个请求；
2、MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1")构造一个请求
3、ResultActions.andExpect添加执行完成后的断言
4、ResultActions.andDo添加一个结果处理器，表示要对结果做点什么事情，比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个响应结果信息。
5、ResultActions.andReturn表示执行完成后返回相应的结果。
 
整个测试过程非常有规律：
1、准备测试环境
2、通过MockMvc执行请求
3.1、添加验证断言
3.2、添加结果处理器
3.3、得到MvcResult进行自定义断言/进行下一步的异步请求
4、卸载测试环境
 
对于单元测试步骤请参考：加速Java应用开发速度3——单元/集成测试+CI。
 
1.4、了解测试API
Spring mvc测试框架提供了测试MVC需要的API，主要包括Servlet/JSP Mock、MockMvcBuilder、MockMvc、RequestBuilder、ResultMatcher、ResultHandler、MvcResult等。另外提供了几个静态工厂方法便于测试：MockMvcBuilders、MockMvcRequestBuilders、MockMvcResultMatchers、MockMvcResultHandlers。在使用时请使用静态方法导入方便测试，如：
Java代码  
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;  
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;  
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;  
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;  
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
 
Servlet/JSP API Mock 
提供了对Servlet 3 相应API的Mock，如：
MockServletContext
MockHttpServletRequest
MockHttpServletResponse
……
具体请查看spring-test模块的org.springframework.mock.web包。
 
 
MockMvcBuilder/MockMvcBuilders
MockMvcBuilder是用来构造MockMvc的构造器，其主要有两个实现：StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder，分别对应之前的两种测试方式。对于我们来说直接使用静态工厂MockMvcBuilders创建即可：
MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext context)：指定WebApplicationContext，将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc；
MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)：通过参数指定一组控制器，这样就不需要从上下文获取了；
 
其中DefaultMockMvcBuilder还提供了如下API：
addFilters(Filter... filters)/addFilter(Filter filter, String... urlPatterns)：添加javax.servlet.Filter过滤器
defaultRequest(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)：默认的RequestBuilder，每次执行时会合并到自定义的RequestBuilder中，即提供公共请求数据的；
alwaysExpect(ResultMatcher resultMatcher)：定义全局的结果验证器，即每次执行请求时都进行验证的规则；
alwaysDo(ResultHandler resultHandler)：定义全局结果处理器，即每次请求时都进行结果处理；
dispatchOptions：DispatcherServlet是否分发OPTIONS请求方法到控制器；
 
StandaloneMockMvcBuilder继承了DefaultMockMvcBuilder，又提供了如下API：
setMessageConverters(HttpMessageConverter<?>...messageConverters)：设置HTTP消息转换器；
setValidator(Validator validator)：设置验证器；
setConversionService(FormattingConversionService conversionService)：设置转换服务；
addInterceptors(HandlerInterceptor... interceptors)/addMappedInterceptors(String[] pathPatterns, HandlerInterceptor... interceptors)：添加spring mvc拦截器；
setContentNegotiationManager(ContentNegotiationManager contentNegotiationManager)：设置内容协商管理器；
setAsyncRequestTimeout(long timeout)：设置异步超时时间；
setCustomArgumentResolvers(HandlerMethodArgumentResolver... argumentResolvers)：设置自定义控制器方法参数解析器；
setCustomReturnValueHandlers(HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler... handlers)：设置自定义控制器方法返回值处理器；
setHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> exceptionResolvers)/setHandlerExceptionResolvers(HandlerExceptionResolver... exceptionResolvers)：设置异常解析器；
setViewResolvers(ViewResolver...resolvers)：设置视图解析器；
setSingleView(View view)：设置单个视图，即视图解析时总是解析到这一个（仅适用于只有一个视图的情况）；
setLocaleResolver(LocaleResolver localeResolver)：设置Local解析器；
setFlashMapManager(FlashMapManager flashMapManager)：设置FlashMapManager，如存储重定向数据；
setUseSuffixPatternMatch(boolean useSuffixPatternMatch)：设置是否是后缀模式匹配，如“/user”是否匹配"/user.*"，默认真即匹配；
setUseTrailingSlashPatternMatch(boolean useTrailingSlashPatternMatch)：设置是否自动后缀路径模式匹配，如“/user”是否匹配“/user/”，默认真即匹配；
addPlaceHolderValue(String name, String value) ：添加request mapping中的占位符替代；
 
因为StandaloneMockMvcBuilder不会加载Spring MVC配置文件，因此就不会注册我们需要的一些组件，因此就提供了如上API用于注册我们需要的相应组件。
 
MockMvc
使用之前的MockMvcBuilder.build()得到构建好的MockMvc；这个是mvc测试的核心API，对于该API的使用方式如下：
Java代码  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1"))  
       .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("user/view"))  
       .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("user"))  
       .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())  
       .andReturn();  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1"))
       .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("user/view"))
       .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("user"))
       .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
       .andReturn();
perform：执行一个RequestBuilder请求，会自动执行SpringMVC的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理；
andExpect：添加ResultMatcher验证规则，验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确；
andDo：添加ResultHandler结果处理器，比如调试时打印结果到控制台；
andReturn：最后返回相应的MvcResult；然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步的异步处理；
 
另外还提供了以下API：
setDefaultRequest：设置默认的RequestBuilder，用于在每次perform执行相应的RequestBuilder时自动把该默认的RequestBuilder合并到perform的RequestBuilder中；
setGlobalResultMatchers：设置全局的预期结果验证规则，如我们通过MockMvc测试多个控制器时，假设它们都想验证某个规则时，就可以使用这个；
setGlobalResultHandlers：设置全局的ResultHandler结果处理器；
  
RequestBuilder/MockMvcRequestBuilders
从名字可以看出，RequestBuilder用来构建请求的，其提供了一个方法buildRequest(ServletContext servletContext)用于构建MockHttpServletRequest；其主要有两个子类MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder（如文件上传使用），即用来Mock客户端请求需要的所有数据。
 
MockMvcRequestBuilders主要API：
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder get(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：根据uri模板和uri变量值得到一个GET请求方式的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder；如get("/user/{id}", 1L)；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder post(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：同get类似，但是是POST方法；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder put(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：同get类似，但是是PUT方法；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder delete(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) ：同get类似，但是是DELETE方法；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder options(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：同get类似，但是是OPTIONS方法；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request(HttpMethod httpMethod, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：提供自己的Http请求方法及uri模板和uri变量，如上API都是委托给这个API；
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder fileUpload(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：提供文件上传方式的请求，得到MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder；
RequestBuilder asyncDispatch(final MvcResult mvcResult)：创建一个从启动异步处理的请求的MvcResult进行异步分派的RequestBuilder；
 
接下来再看看MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder API：
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder API：
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder header(String name, Object... values)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder headers(HttpHeaders httpHeaders)：添加头信息；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contentType(MediaType mediaType)：指定请求的contentType头信息；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(MediaType... mediaTypes)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(String... mediaTypes)：指定请求的Accept头信息；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(byte[] content)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(String content)：指定请求Body体内容；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder cookie(Cookie... cookies)：指定请求的Cookie；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder locale(Locale locale)：指定请求的Locale；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder characterEncoding(String encoding)：指定请求字符编码；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestAttr(String name, Object value) ：设置请求属性数据；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttrs(Map<String, Object> sessionAttributes)：设置请求session属性数据；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttrs(Map<String, Object> flashAttributes)：指定请求的flash信息，比如重定向后的属性信息；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder session(MockHttpSession session) ：指定请求的Session；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder principal(Principal principal) ：指定请求的Principal；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contextPath(String contextPath) ：指定请求的上下文路径，必须以“/”开头，且不能以“/”结尾；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder pathInfo(String pathInfo) ：请求的路径信息，必须以“/”开头；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder secure(boolean secure)：请求是否使用安全通道；
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder with(RequestPostProcessor postProcessor)：请求的后处理器，用于自定义一些请求处理的扩展点；
 
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder继承自MockHttpServletRequestBuilder，又提供了如下API：
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(String name, byte[] content)/MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(MockMultipartFile file)：指定要上传的文件；
 
ResultActions
调用MockMvc.perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)后将得到ResultActions，通过ResultActions完成如下三件事：
ResultActions andExpect(ResultMatcher matcher) ：添加验证断言来判断执行请求后的结果是否是预期的；
ResultActions andDo(ResultHandler handler) ：添加结果处理器，用于对验证成功后执行的动作，如输出下请求/结果信息用于调试；
MvcResult andReturn() ：返回验证成功后的MvcResult；用于自定义验证/下一步的异步处理；
 
ResultMatcher/MockMvcResultMatchers
ResultMatcher用来匹配执行完请求后的结果验证，其就一个match(MvcResult result)断言方法，如果匹配失败将抛出相应的异常；spring mvc测试框架提供了很多***ResultMatchers来满足测试需求。注意这些***ResultMatchers并不是ResultMatcher的子类，而是返回ResultMatcher实例的。Spring mvc测试框架为了测试方便提供了MockMvcResultMatchers静态工厂方法方便操作；具体的API如下：
HandlerResultMatchers handler()：请求的Handler验证器，比如验证处理器类型/方法名；此处的Handler其实就是处理请求的控制器；
RequestResultMatchers request()：得到RequestResultMatchers验证器；
ModelResultMatchers model()：得到模型验证器；
ViewResultMatchers view()：得到视图验证器；
FlashAttributeResultMatchers flash()：得到Flash属性验证；
StatusResultMatchers status()：得到响应状态验证器；
HeaderResultMatchers header()：得到响应Header验证器；
CookieResultMatchers cookie()：得到响应Cookie验证器；
ContentResultMatchers content()：得到响应内容验证器；
JsonPathResultMatchers jsonPath(String expression, Object ... args)/ResultMatcher jsonPath(String expression, Matcher<T> matcher)：得到Json表达式验证器；
XpathResultMatchers xpath(String expression, Object... args)/XpathResultMatchers xpath(String expression, Map<String, String> namespaces, Object... args)：得到Xpath表达式验证器；
ResultMatcher forwardedUrl(final String expectedUrl)：验证处理完请求后转发的url（绝对匹配）；
ResultMatcher forwardedUrlPattern(final String urlPattern)：验证处理完请求后转发的url（Ant风格模式匹配，@since spring4）；
ResultMatcher redirectedUrl(final String expectedUrl)：验证处理完请求后重定向的url（绝对匹配）；
ResultMatcher redirectedUrlPattern(final String expectedUrl)：验证处理完请求后重定向的url（Ant风格模式匹配，@since spring4）；
 
得到相应的***ResultMatchers后，接着再调用其相应的API得到ResultMatcher，如ModelResultMatchers.attributeExists(final String... names)判断Model属性是否存在。具体请查看相应的API。再次就不一一列举了。
 
 
ResultHandler/MockMvcResultHandlers
ResultHandler用于对处理的结果进行相应处理的，比如输出整个请求/响应等信息方便调试，Spring mvc测试框架提供了MockMvcResultHandlers静态工厂方法，该工厂提供了ResultHandler print()返回一个输出MvcResult详细信息到控制台的ResultHandler实现。
 
 
MvcResult
即执行完控制器后得到的整个结果，并不仅仅是返回值，其包含了测试时需要的所有信息，如：
MockHttpServletRequest getRequest()：得到执行的请求；
MockHttpServletResponse getResponse()：得到执行后的响应；
Object getHandler()：得到执行的处理器，一般就是控制器；
HandlerInterceptor[] getInterceptors()：得到对处理器进行拦截的拦截器；
ModelAndView getModelAndView()：得到执行后的ModelAndView；
Exception getResolvedException()：得到HandlerExceptionResolver解析后的异常；
FlashMap getFlashMap()：得到FlashMap；
Object getAsyncResult()/Object getAsyncResult(long timeout)：得到异步执行的结果；
 
1.5 测试示例
测试普通控制器 
Java代码  
//测试普通控制器  
mockMvc.perform(get("/user/{id}", 1)) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(model().attributeExists("user")) //验证存储模型数据  
        .andExpect(view().name("user/view")) //验证viewName  
        .andExpect(forwardedUrl("/WEB-INF/jsp/user/view.jsp"))//验证视图渲染时forward到的jsp  
        .andExpect(status().isOk())//验证状态码  
        .andDo(print()); //输出MvcResult到控制台  
        //测试普通控制器
        mockMvc.perform(get("/user/{id}", 1)) //执行请求
                .andExpect(model().attributeExists("user")) //验证存储模型数据
                .andExpect(view().name("user/view")) //验证viewName
                .andExpect(forwardedUrl("/WEB-INF/jsp/user/view.jsp"))//验证视图渲染时forward到的jsp
                .andExpect(status().isOk())//验证状态码
                .andDo(print()); //输出MvcResult到控制台
 
测试普通控制器，但是URL错误，即404
Java代码  
//找不到控制器，404测试  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user2/{id}", 1)) //执行请求  
        .andDo(print())  
        .andExpect(status().isNotFound()) //验证控制器不存在  
        .andReturn();  
Assert.assertNull(result.getModelAndView()); //自定义断言  
        //找不到控制器，404测试
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user2/{id}", 1)) //执行请求
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isNotFound()) //验证控制器不存在
                .andReturn();
        Assert.assertNull(result.getModelAndView()); //自定义断言
 
得到MvcResult自定义验证    
Java代码  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/{id}", 1))//执行请求  
        .andReturn(); //返回MvcResult  
Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("user")); //自定义断言  
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/{id}", 1))//执行请求
                .andReturn(); //返回MvcResult
        Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("user")); //自定义断言

 
验证请求参数绑定到模型数据及Flash属性 
Java代码  
mockMvc.perform(post("/user").param("name", "zhang")) //执行传递参数的POST请求(也可以post("/user?name=zhang"))  
        .andExpect(handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) //验证执行的控制器类型  
        .andExpect(handler().methodName("create")) //验证执行的控制器方法名  
        .andExpect(model().hasNoErrors()) //验证页面没有错误  
        .andExpect(flash().attributeExists("success")) //验证存在flash属性  
        .andExpect(view().name("redirect:/user")); //验证视图  
        mockMvc.perform(post("/user").param("name", "zhang")) //执行传递参数的POST请求(也可以post("/user?name=zhang"))
                .andExpect(handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) //验证执行的控制器类型
                .andExpect(handler().methodName("create")) //验证执行的控制器方法名
                .andExpect(model().hasNoErrors()) //验证页面没有错误
                .andExpect(flash().attributeExists("success")) //验证存在flash属性
                .andExpect(view().name("redirect:/user")); //验证视图

 
验证请求参数验证失败出错  
Java代码  
mockMvc.perform(post("/user").param("name", "admin")) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(model().hasErrors()) //验证模型有错误  
        .andExpect(model().attributeDoesNotExist("name")) //验证存在错误的属性  
        .andExpect(view().name("showCreateForm")); //验证视图  
        mockMvc.perform(post("/user").param("name", "admin")) //执行请求
                .andExpect(model().hasErrors()) //验证模型有错误
                .andExpect(model().attributeDoesNotExist("name")) //验证存在错误的属性
                .andExpect(view().name("showCreateForm")); //验证视图

 
文件上传 
Java代码  
//文件上传  
byte[] bytes = new byte[] {1, 2};  
mockMvc.perform(fileUpload("/user/{id}/icon", 1L).file("icon", bytes)) //执行文件上传  
        .andExpect(model().attribute("icon", bytes)) //验证属性相等性  
        .andExpect(view().name("success")); //验证视图  
        //文件上传
        byte[] bytes = new byte[] {1, 2};
        mockMvc.perform(fileUpload("/user/{id}/icon", 1L).file("icon", bytes)) //执行文件上传
                .andExpect(model().attribute("icon", bytes)) //验证属性相等性
                .andExpect(view().name("success")); //验证视图
 
JSON请求/响应验证
测试时需要安装jackson Json和JsonPath依赖： 
Java代码  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>  
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>  
    <version>${jackson2.version}</version>  
</dependency>  
  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>  
    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>  
    <version>${jsonpath.version}</version>  
    <scope>test</scope>  
</dependency>  
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    &lt;dependency&gt;
        &lt;groupId&gt;com.jayway.jsonpath&lt;/groupId&gt;
        &lt;artifactId&gt;json-path&lt;/artifactId&gt;
        &lt;version&gt;${jsonpath.version}&lt;/version&gt;
        &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
    &lt;/dependency&gt;</pre>

版本：<jsonpath.version>0.9.0</jsonpath.version>、<jackson2.version>2.2.3</jackson2.version> 
Java代码  
String requestBody = "{\"id\":1, \"name\":\"zhang\"}";  
mockMvc.perform(post("/user")  
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(requestBody)  
            .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) //验证响应contentType  
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1)); //使用Json path验证JSON 请参考http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/  
  
String errorBody = "{id:1, name:zhang}";  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/user")  
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(errorBody)  
        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(status().isBadRequest()) //400错误请求  
        .andReturn();  
  
Assert.assertTrue(HttpMessageNotReadableException.class.isAssignableFrom(result.getResolvedException().getClass()));//错误的请求内容体  
        String requestBody = "{\"id\":1, \"name\":\"zhang\"}";
        mockMvc.perform(post("/user")
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(requestBody)
                    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) //执行请求
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) //验证响应contentType
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1)); //使用Json path验证JSON 请参考http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/
    String errorBody = "{id:1, name:zhang}";
    MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/user")
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(errorBody)
            .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) //执行请求
            .andExpect(status().isBadRequest()) //400错误请求
            .andReturn();

    Assert.assertTrue(HttpMessageNotReadableException.class.isAssignableFrom(result.getResolvedException().getClass()));//错误的请求内容体


 
XML请求/响应验证
测试时需要安装spring oxm和xstream依赖： 
Java代码  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>  
    <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>  
    <version>${xsream.version}</version>  
    <scope>test</scope>  
</dependency>  
  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
    <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>  
    <version>${spring.version}</version>  
    <scope>test</scope>  
</dependency>  
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
            <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
            <version>${xsream.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    &lt;dependency&gt;
        &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework&lt;/groupId&gt;
        &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-oxm&lt;/artifactId&gt;
        &lt;version&gt;${spring.version}&lt;/version&gt;
        &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
    &lt;/dependency&gt;


版本：<xstream.version>1.4.4</xstream.version>
Java代码  
//XML请求/响应  
String requestBody = "<user><id>1</id><name>zhang</name></user>";  
mockMvc.perform(post("/user")  
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).content(requestBody)  
        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)) //执行请求  
        .andDo(print())  
        .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)) //验证响应contentType  
        .andExpect(xpath("/user/id/text()").string("1")); //使用XPath表达式验证XML 请参考http://www.w3school.com.cn/xpath/  
  
String errorBody = "<user><id>1</id><name>zhang</name>";  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/user")  
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).content(errorBody)  
        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(status().isBadRequest()) //400错误请求  
        .andReturn();  
  
Assert.assertTrue(HttpMessageNotReadableException.class.isAssignableFrom(result.getResolvedException().getClass()));//错误的请求内容体  
        //XML请求/响应
        String requestBody = "<user><id>1</id><name>zhang</name></user>";
        mockMvc.perform(post("/user")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).content(requestBody)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)) //执行请求
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)) //验证响应contentType
                .andExpect(xpath("/user/id/text()").string("1")); //使用XPath表达式验证XML 请参考http://www.w3school.com.cn/xpath/
    String errorBody = "&lt;user&gt;&lt;id&gt;1&lt;/id&gt;&lt;name&gt;zhang&lt;/name&gt;";
    MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/user")
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).content(errorBody)
            .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)) //执行请求
            .andExpect(status().isBadRequest()) //400错误请求
            .andReturn();

    Assert.assertTrue(HttpMessageNotReadableException.class.isAssignableFrom(result.getResolvedException().getClass()));//错误的请求内容体


 
异常处理  
Java代码  
//异常处理  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/exception")) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(status().isInternalServerError()) //验证服务器内部错误  
        .andReturn();  
  
Assert.assertTrue(IllegalArgumentException.class.isAssignableFrom(result.getResolvedException().getClass()));  
        //异常处理
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/exception")) //执行请求
                .andExpect(status().isInternalServerError()) //验证服务器内部错误
                .andReturn();
    Assert.assertTrue(IllegalArgumentException.class.isAssignableFrom(result.getResolvedException().getClass()));


 
静态资源 
Java代码  
//静态资源  
mockMvc.perform(get("/static/app.js")) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(status().isOk()) //验证状态码200  
        .andExpect(content().string(CoreMatchers.containsString("var")));//验证渲染后的视图内容包含var  
  
mockMvc.perform(get("/static/app1.js")) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(status().isNotFound());  //验证状态码404  
        //静态资源
        mockMvc.perform(get("/static/app.js")) //执行请求
                .andExpect(status().isOk()) //验证状态码200
                .andExpect(content().string(CoreMatchers.containsString("var")));//验证渲染后的视图内容包含var
    mockMvc.perform(get("/static/app1.js")) //执行请求
            .andExpect(status().isNotFound());  //验证状态码404


异步测试 
Java代码  
//Callable  
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/async1?id=1&name=zhang")) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(request().asyncStarted())  
        .andExpect(request().asyncResult(CoreMatchers.instanceOf(User.class))) //默认会等10秒超时  
        .andReturn();  
  
mockMvc.perform(asyncDispatch(result))  
        .andExpect(status().isOk())  
        .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))  
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1));  
        //Callable
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/async1?id=1&name=zhang")) //执行请求
                .andExpect(request().asyncStarted())
                .andExpect(request().asyncResult(CoreMatchers.instanceOf(User.class))) //默认会等10秒超时
                .andReturn();
    mockMvc.perform(asyncDispatch(result))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1));</pre>

Java代码  
//DeferredResult  
result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/async2?id=1&name=zhang")) //执行请求  
        .andExpect(request().asyncStarted())  
        .andExpect(request().asyncResult(CoreMatchers.instanceOf(User.class)))  //默认会等10秒超时  
        .andReturn();  
  
mockMvc.perform(asyncDispatch(result))  
        .andExpect(status().isOk())  
        .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))  
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1));  
        //DeferredResult
        result = mockMvc.perform(get("/user/async2?id=1&name=zhang")) //执行请求
                .andExpect(request().asyncStarted())
                .andExpect(request().asyncResult(CoreMatchers.instanceOf(User.class)))  //默认会等10秒超时
                .andReturn();
    mockMvc.perform(asyncDispatch(result))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1));</pre>

此处请在第一次请求时加上 andExpect(request().asyncResult(CoreMatchers.instanceOf(User.class)))这样会等待结果返回/超时，无须自己设置线程等待了；此处注意request().asyncResult一定是在第一次请求发出；然后第二次通过asyncDispatch进行异步请求。
 
添加自定义过滤器
Java代码  
mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(wac).addFilter(new MyFilter(), "/*").build();  
mockMvc.perform(get("/user/1"))  
        .andExpect(request().attribute("filter", true));  
        mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(wac).addFilter(new MyFilter(), "/*").build();
        mockMvc.perform(get("/user/1"))
                .andExpect(request().attribute("filter", true));

 
全局配置 
Java代码  
mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(wac)  
        .defaultRequest(get("/user/1").requestAttr("default", true)) //默认请求 如果其是Mergeable类型的，会自动合并的哦mockMvc.perform中的RequestBuilder  
        .alwaysDo(print())  //默认每次执行请求后都做的动作  
        .alwaysExpect(request().attribute("default", true)) //默认每次执行后进行验证的断言  
        .build();  
  
mockMvc.perform(get("/user/1"))  
        .andExpect(model().attributeExists("user"));  
        mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(wac)
                .defaultRequest(get("/user/1").requestAttr("default", true)) //默认请求 如果其是Mergeable类型的，会自动合并的哦mockMvc.perform中的RequestBuilder
                .alwaysDo(print())  //默认每次执行请求后都做的动作
                .alwaysExpect(request().attribute("default", true)) //默认每次执行后进行验证的断言
                .build();
    mockMvc.perform(get("/user/1"))
            .andExpect(model().attributeExists("user"));


 
以上代码请参考我的github。更多参考示例请前往Spring github。
 
 
只要记住测试步骤，按照步骤操作，整个测试过程是非常容易理解的：
1、准备测试环境
2、通过MockMvc执行请求
3.1、添加验证断言
3.2、添加结果处理器
3.3、得到MvcResult进行自定义断言/进行下一步的异步请求
4、卸载测试环境
 
对于单元测试步骤请参考：加速Java应用开发速度3——单元/集成测试+CI。
 
下一篇介绍RestTemplate客户端测试。
 
 
欢迎加入spring群134755960进行交流。

参考

http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/4.0.0.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/htmlsingle/#spring-mvc-test-framework

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Spring MVC测试框架详解——客户端测试 | Spring Cache抽象详解

2014-01-16 07:54
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评论(15)

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15 楼 chenfanglei 2017-11-07 引用

写的很详细，多谢开涛大神。

14 楼小耗子1 2015-09-08 引用

我的
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac；
不能注入是怎么回事呢？

13 楼 yc的聚宝盆 2015-05-15 引用

<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

这里有问题，找不到requestMapping对应的url，需要改成这样
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

12 楼 internetafei 2014-12-12 引用

我想问一下，对于这个方法，service能自动注入么，我把你的代码全部操作了一遍，没有问题，但是我加了 service 层，也加了注解，包括组件扫描，但是在测试controller的时候，service 没有办法自动注入。

11 楼 xunke515 2014-10-05 引用

开涛老师,能测试jsp的响应内容吗?

10 楼 tabimo_tabimo 2014-07-06 引用

您好，我在按照上面例子使用Spring MVC测试框架提供的两种方式的测试时报出了如下异常，请问知道我哪里出问题了吗：
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping.getUrlPathHelper()Lorg/springframework/web/util/UrlPathHelper;
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping.createRequestMappingInfo(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.java:243)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping.getMappingForMethod(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.java:192)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping.getMappingForMethod(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.java:51)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$1.matches(AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.java:140)
at org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethodSelector$1.doWith(HandlerMethodSelector.java:62)
at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:473)
at org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethodSelector.selectMethods(HandlerMethodSelector.java:58)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.detectHandlerMethods(AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.java:138)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.StandaloneMockMvcBuilder$StaticRequestMappingHandlerMapping.registerHandlers(StandaloneMockMvcBuilder.java:408)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.StandaloneMockMvcBuilder$StandaloneConfiguration.requestMappingHandlerMapping(StandaloneMockMvcBuilder.java:331)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.StandaloneMockMvcBuilder.registerMvcSingletons(StandaloneMockMvcBuilder.java:287)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.StandaloneMockMvcBuilder.initWebAppContext(StandaloneMockMvcBuilder.java:279)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.DefaultMockMvcBuilder.build(DefaultMockMvcBuilder.java:200)
at org.sm.controller.user.UserControllerStandaloneLoginTest.setUp(UserControllerStandaloneLoginTest.java:41)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

9 楼 zjqian908 2014-04-28 引用

太棒了。

8 楼 jinnianshilongnian 2014-02-20 引用

lejingw 写道

你好，我发现有一个测试用例没有通过，就是在注解风格配置时，测试静态资源的Test，请求地址：

Java代码

/static/app.js

/static/app.js

Java代码

java.lang.AssertionError: Status expected:<200> but was:<404>
at org.springframework.test.util.AssertionErrors.fail(AssertionErrors.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.util.AssertionErrors.assertEquals(AssertionErrors.java:89)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers$5.match(StatusResultMatchers.java:556)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc$1.andExpect(MockMvc.java:149)
at com.sishuok.mvc.controller.UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest.testStaticResource(UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest.java:184)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

java.lang.AssertionError: Status expected:<200> but was:<404> at org.springframework.test.util.AssertionErrors.fail(AssertionErrors.java:60) at org.springframework.test.util.AssertionErrors.assertEquals(AssertionErrors.java:89) at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers$5.match(StatusResultMatchers.java:556) at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc$1.andExpect(MockMvc.java:149) at com.sishuok.mvc.controller.UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest.testStaticResource(UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest.java:184) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

你看看给修复下吧哈哈

7 楼 lejingw 2014-02-20 引用

你好，我发现有一个测试用例没有通过，就是在注解风格配置时，测试静态资源的Test，请求地址：

Java代码

/static/app.js

/static/app.js

Java代码

java.lang.AssertionError: Status expected:<200> but was:<404>
at org.springframework.test.util.AssertionErrors.fail(AssertionErrors.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.util.AssertionErrors.assertEquals(AssertionErrors.java:89)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers$5.match(StatusResultMatchers.java:556)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc$1.andExpect(MockMvc.java:149)
at com.sishuok.mvc.controller.UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest.testStaticResource(UserControllerWebAppContextSetupTest.java:184)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

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   </form>
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      new HotKey(new Number(13),function() {$('quick_reply_button').click();},{altKey: false, ctrlKey: true});

      new Validation("comment_form", {immediate: false, onFormValidate: function(result, form){
        if(result) {
          new Ajax.Request('/blog/create_comment/2004660', {
            onFailure:function(response){
              $('comments').insert({after:response.responseText})
              form.spinner.hide();
              Element.scrollTo($('comments'));
            },
            onSuccess:function(response){
              Element.scrollTo($('comments'));
              var new_comment = new Element('div', {}).update(response.responseText).firstChild;
              var comment_id = new_comment.readAttribute('id');

              $('comments').insert({after:response.responseText});
              $('editor_body').value = "";

              var css_rules = '#' + comment_id + ' pre';
              highlightNewAddContent(css_rules);
              processComment();
              code_favorites_init(css_rules);
              
              form.spinner.hide();
            }, parameters:Form.serialize(form)
          });
        }
    }});
    </script>
    </div>

原文地址：https://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2004660

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Spring MVC测试框架详解——服务端测试

1 服务器端测试

首先添加依赖

然后准备测试相关配置

实体：

控制器：

XML风格配置：

等价的注解风格配置：

1.1 以前的测试方式

1.2 安装测试环境

独立测试方式

集成Web环境方式

1.3、HelloWorld

整个测试过程非常有规律：

1.4、了解测试API

Servlet/JSP API Mock

MockMvcBuilder/MockMvcBuilders

MockMvc

RequestBuilder/MockMvcRequestBuilders

ResultActions

ResultMatcher/MockMvcResultMatchers

1.5 测试示例

测试普通控制器

测试普通控制器，但是URL错误，即404

得到MvcResult自定义验证

验证请求参数绑定到模型数据及Flash属性

验证请求参数验证失败出错

文件上传

JSON请求/响应验证

XML请求/响应验证

异常处理

静态资源

异步测试

添加自定义过滤器

全局配置

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