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cmake入门之内部构建

入门 构建 内部 CMake
2023-09-11 14:22:20 时间

https://www.cnblogs.com/coderfenghc/tag/cmake/  

https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.16/guide/tutorial/index.html#cmake-tutorial

https://www.ncnynl.com/category/ros-junior-tutorial/

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43455581/article/details/96306977#1_CPython_1

https://blog.csdn.net/wsc820508/article/details/81349675

最早的:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-cmake/

前言很多完全省略

1、编辑helloc.c文件:

1 #include <stdio.h>
2 
3 int main(int argc, char **argv)
4 {
5     printf("Hello world from cMake pro1\n");
6 
7     return 0;
8 }

  代码非常简单,不多罗嗦。

2、编辑CMakeList.txt文件,这个是cmake的指导性文件:

1 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
2 PROJECT(Pro1)
3 SET(SRC_LIST helloc.c)
4 MESSAGE(STATUS "This is BINARY_dir " ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
5 MESSAGE(STATUS "This is SOURCE_dir " ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
6 ADD_EXECUTABLE(helloc ${SRC_LIST})

  文件说明:对新手有用,老手请忽略

  第1行:主要是不让camke时,工具出现警告,可以不加,建议加上

  第2行:PROJECT指令指定项目名称为Rpo1,并暗含两个变量PROJECT_BINARY_DIR和PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR,前者是项目中可执行文件的目录名称,后者是项目的源代码目录名称;

  第3行:SET指令相当与定义并设置变量SRC_LIST的值为helloc.c,如果有更多的源文件,以空格或分号分割即可

  第4行:MESSAGE指令打印消息,STATUS表明正常消息,用${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}获得PROJECT_BINARY_DIR的值,打印项目中可执行文件夹名称

  第5行:打印项目中源代码文件夹名称

  第6行:ADD_EXECUTABLE指令主要制定生成的可执行文件helloc和依赖列表,请务必使用 ${SRC_LIST},以获取依赖列表中的所有文件,而不是依赖文件SRC_LIST

3、第一次构建,生成Makefile文件,返回信息如下:

 1 -- The C compiler identification is GNU 9.2.0
 2 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 9.2.0
 3 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
 4 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
 5 -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
 6 -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
 7 -- Detecting C compile features
 8 -- Detecting C compile features - done
 9 -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
10 -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
11 -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
12 -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
13 -- Detecting CXX compile features
14 -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
15 -- This is BINARY_dir /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1
16 -- This is SOURCE_dir /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1
17 -- Configuring done
18 -- Generating done
19 -- Build files have been written to: /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1

  Makefile文件:

  1 # CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
  2 # Generated by "Unix Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 3.15
  3 
  4 # Default target executed when no arguments are given to make.
  5 default_target: all
  6 
  7 .PHONY : default_target
  8 
  9 # Allow only one "make -f Makefile2" at a time, but pass parallelism.
 10 .NOTPARALLEL:
 11 
 12 
 13 #=============================================================================
 14 # Special targets provided by cmake.
 15 
 16 # Disable implicit rules so canonical targets will work.
 17 .SUFFIXES:
 18 
 19 
 20 # Remove some rules from gmake that .SUFFIXES does not remove.
 21 SUFFIXES =
 22 
 23 .SUFFIXES: .hpux_make_needs_suffix_list
 24 
 25 
 26 # Suppress display of executed commands.
 27 $(VERBOSE).SILENT:
 28 
 29 
 30 # A target that is always out of date.
 31 cmake_force:
 32 
 33 .PHONY : cmake_force
 34 
 35 #=============================================================================
 36 # Set environment variables for the build.
 37 
 38 # The shell in which to execute make rules.
 39 SHELL = /bin/sh
 40 
 41 # The CMake executable.
 42 CMAKE_COMMAND = /usr/bin/cmake
 43 
 44 # The command to remove a file.
 45 RM = /usr/bin/cmake -E remove -f
 46 
 47 # Escaping for special characters.
 48 EQUALS = =
 49 
 50 # The top-level source directory on which CMake was run.
 51 CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR = /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1
 52 
 53 # The top-level build directory on which CMake was run.
 54 CMAKE_BINARY_DIR = /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1
 55 
 56 #=============================================================================
 57 # Targets provided globally by CMake.
 58 
 59 # Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
 60 rebuild_cache:
 61     @$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake to regenerate build system..."
 62     /usr/bin/cmake -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
 63 .PHONY : rebuild_cache
 64 
 65 # Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
 66 rebuild_cache/fast: rebuild_cache
 67 
 68 .PHONY : rebuild_cache/fast
 69 
 70 # Special rule for the target edit_cache
 71 edit_cache:
 72     @$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake cache editor..."
 73     /usr/bin/ccmake -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
 74 .PHONY : edit_cache
 75 
 76 # Special rule for the target edit_cache
 77 edit_cache/fast: edit_cache
 78 
 79 .PHONY : edit_cache/fast
 80 
 81 # The main all target
 82 all: cmake_check_build_system
 83     $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1/CMakeFiles /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
 84     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
 85     $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /home/nication/WORKM/studyCode/toolCode/cMake/pro1/CMakeFiles 0
 86 .PHONY : all
 87 
 88 # The main clean target
 89 clean:
 90     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 clean
 91 .PHONY : clean
 92 
 93 # The main clean target
 94 clean/fast: clean
 95 
 96 .PHONY : clean/fast
 97 
 98 # Prepare targets for installation.
 99 preinstall: all
100     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
101 .PHONY : preinstall
102 
103 # Prepare targets for installation.
104 preinstall/fast:
105     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
106 .PHONY : preinstall/fast
107 
108 # clear depends
109 depend:
110     $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 1
111 .PHONY : depend
112 
113 #=============================================================================
114 # Target rules for targets named helloc
115 
116 # Build rule for target.
117 helloc: cmake_check_build_system
118     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 helloc
119 .PHONY : helloc
120 
121 # fast build rule for target.
122 helloc/fast:
123     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/build
124 .PHONY : helloc/fast
125 
126 helloc.o: helloc.c.o
127 
128 .PHONY : helloc.o
129 
130 # target to build an object file
131 helloc.c.o:
132     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/helloc.c.o
133 .PHONY : helloc.c.o
134 
135 helloc.i: helloc.c.i
136 
137 .PHONY : helloc.i
138 
139 # target to preprocess a source file
140 helloc.c.i:
141     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/helloc.c.i
142 .PHONY : helloc.c.i
143 
144 helloc.s: helloc.c.s
145 
146 .PHONY : helloc.s
147 
148 # target to generate assembly for a file
149 helloc.c.s:
150     $(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/helloc.c.s
151 .PHONY : helloc.c.s
152 
153 # Help Target
154 help:
155     @echo "The following are some of the valid targets for this Makefile:"
156     @echo "... all (the default if no target is provided)"
157     @echo "... clean"
158     @echo "... depend"
159     @echo "... rebuild_cache"
160     @echo "... helloc"
161     @echo "... edit_cache"
162     @echo "... helloc.o"
163     @echo "... helloc.i"
164     @echo "... helloc.s"
165 .PHONY : help
166 
167 
168 
169 #=============================================================================
170 # Special targets to cleanup operation of make.
171 
172 # Special rule to run CMake to check the build system integrity.
173 # No rule that depends on this can have commands that come from listfiles
174 # because they might be regenerated.
175 cmake_check_build_system:
176     $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
177 .PHONY : cmake_check_build_system

4、二次构建并编译:

1 make

  返回信息:

1 Scanning dependencies of target helloc
2 [ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/helloc.dir/helloc.c.o
3 [100%] Linking C executable helloc
4 [100%] Built target helloc

  自动生成可执行文件,helloc,文件列表:

1 -rw-r--r-- 1 nication nication 13433 10月 30 09:16 CMakeCache.txt
2 drwxr-xr-x 5 nication nication  4096 10月 30 09:53 CMakeFiles
3 -rw-r--r-- 1 nication nication  1546 10月 30 09:16 cmake_install.cmake
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 nication nication   229 10月 30 09:15 CMakeLists.txt
5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 nication nication 16536 10月 30 09:53 helloc
6 -rw-r--r-- 1 nication nication   110 10月 30 08:56 helloc.c
7 -rw-r--r-- 1 nication nication  4839 10月 30 09:16 Makefile

5、执行程序:

  ./helloc

  执行结果:

  Hello world from cMake pro1

到此为止,算是成功了。但是由于cmake过程中会产生很多中间文件,使用make clean只能清除可执行文件。清除临时文件不方便,因此,尽量使用cmake的外部构建。