提供了编程的基础技术教程

zl程序教程

您现在的位置是：首页 >  系统

当前栏目

linux下程序编译的各个阶段记录

Linux程序 记录 编译 阶段 各个
2023-09-11 14:22:20 时间

一、源码编辑：

　　使用vim输入以下内容：hello.c

 1 #include <stdio.h>                                                                      
 2 
 3 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 4 {
 5     printf("Hello world!\n");
 6 
 7     return 0;
 8 }

　　使用hexdump工具查看内容，就是ascii内容为：共0x5f个字节

1  ~  WORKM  studyCode  gnuC  hexdump -C hello.c 
2 00000000  23 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65  20 3c 73 74 64 69 6f 2e  |#include <stdio.|
3 00000010  68 3e 0a 0a 69 6e 74 20  6d 61 69 6e 28 69 6e 74  |h>..int main(int|
4 00000020  20 61 72 67 63 2c 20 63  68 61 72 20 2a 2a 61 72  | argc, char **ar|
5 00000030  67 76 29 0a 7b 0a 09 70  72 69 6e 74 66 28 22 48  |gv).{..printf("H|
6 00000040  65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72  6c 64 21 5c 6e 22 29 3b  |ello world!\n");|
7 00000050  0a 0a 09 72 65 74 75 72  6e 20 30 3b 0a 7d 0a     |...return 0;.}.|
8 0000005f

二、源码的预处理：

　　gcc -E hello.c结果为：

  1 ~  WORKM  studyCode  gnuC  gcc -E hello.c 
  2 # 1 "hello.c"
  3 # 1 "<built-in>"
  4 # 1 "<命令行>"
  5 # 31 "<命令行>"
  6 # 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
  7 # 32 "<命令行>" 2
  8 # 1 "hello.c"
  9 # 1 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 1 3 4
 10 # 27 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
 11 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/libc-header-start.h" 1 3 4
 12 # 33 "/usr/include/bits/libc-header-start.h" 3 4
 13 # 1 "/usr/include/features.h" 1 3 4
 14 # 465 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
 15 # 1 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 1 3 4
 16 # 452 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 3 4
 17 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
 18 # 453 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
 19 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/long-double.h" 1 3 4
 20 # 454 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
 21 # 466 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
 22 # 489 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
 23 # 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 1 3 4
 24 # 10 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 3 4
 25 # 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h" 1 3 4
 26 # 11 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 2 3 4
 27 # 490 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
 28 # 34 "/usr/include/bits/libc-header-start.h" 2 3 4
 29 # 28 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 # 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
 36 # 209 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stddef.h" 3 4
 37 
 38 # 209 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stddef.h" 3 4
 39 typedef long unsigned int size_t;
 40 # 34 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
 41 
 42 
 43 # 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stdarg.h" 1 3 4
 44 # 40 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stdarg.h" 3 4
 45 typedef __builtin_va_list __gnuc_va_list;
 46 # 37 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
 47 
 48 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 1 3 4
 49 # 27 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
 50 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
 51 # 28 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
 52 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/timesize.h" 1 3 4
 53 # 29 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
 54 
 55 
 56 typedef unsigned char __u_char;
 57 typedef unsigned short int __u_short;
 58 typedef unsigned int __u_int;
 59 typedef unsigned long int __u_long;
 60 
 61 
 62 typedef signed char __int8_t;
 63 typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;
 64 typedef signed short int __int16_t;
 65 typedef unsigned short int __uint16_t;
 66 typedef signed int __int32_t;
 67 typedef unsigned int __uint32_t;
 68 
 69 typedef signed long int __int64_t;
 70 typedef unsigned long int __uint64_t;
 71 
 72 
 73 
 74 
 75 
 76 
 77 typedef __int8_t __int_least8_t;
 78 typedef __uint8_t __uint_least8_t;
 79 typedef __int16_t __int_least16_t;
 80 typedef __uint16_t __uint_least16_t;
 81 typedef __int32_t __int_least32_t;
 82 typedef __uint32_t __uint_least32_t;
 83 typedef __int64_t __int_least64_t;
 84 typedef __uint64_t __uint_least64_t;
 85 
 86 
 87 
 88 typedef long int __quad_t;
 89 typedef unsigned long int __u_quad_t;
 90 
 91 
 92 
 93 
 94 
 95 
 96 
 97 typedef long int __intmax_t;
 98 typedef unsigned long int __uintmax_t;
 99 # 141 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
100 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/typesizes.h" 1 3 4
101 # 142 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
102 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/time64.h" 1 3 4
103 # 143 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
104 
105 
106 typedef unsigned long int __dev_t;
107 typedef unsigned int __uid_t;
108 typedef unsigned int __gid_t;
109 typedef unsigned long int __ino_t;
110 typedef unsigned long int __ino64_t;
111 typedef unsigned int __mode_t;
112 typedef unsigned long int __nlink_t;
113 typedef long int __off_t;
114 typedef long int __off64_t;
115 typedef int __pid_t;
116 typedef struct { int __val[2]; } __fsid_t;
117 typedef long int __clock_t;
118 typedef unsigned long int __rlim_t;
119 typedef unsigned long int __rlim64_t;
120 typedef unsigned int __id_t;
121 typedef long int __time_t;
122 typedef unsigned int __useconds_t;
123 typedef long int __suseconds_t;
124 typedef long int __suseconds64_t;
125 
126 typedef int __daddr_t;
127 typedef int __key_t;
128 
129 
130 typedef int __clockid_t;
131 
132 
133 typedef void * __timer_t;
134 
135 
136 typedef long int __blksize_t;
137 
138 
139 
140 
141 typedef long int __blkcnt_t;
142 typedef long int __blkcnt64_t;
143 
144 
145 typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt_t;
146 typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt64_t;
147 
148 
149 typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt_t;
150 typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt64_t;
151 
152 
153 typedef long int __fsword_t;
154 
155 typedef long int __ssize_t;
156 
157 
158 typedef long int __syscall_slong_t;
159 
160 typedef unsigned long int __syscall_ulong_t;
161 
162 
163 
164 typedef __off64_t __loff_t;
165 typedef char *__caddr_t;
166 
167 
168 typedef long int __intptr_t;
169 
170 
171 typedef unsigned int __socklen_t;
172 
173 
174 
175 
176 typedef int __sig_atomic_t;
177 # 39 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
178 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos_t.h" 1 3 4
179 
180 
181 
182 
183 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__mbstate_t.h" 1 3 4
184 # 13 "/usr/include/bits/types/__mbstate_t.h" 3 4
185 typedef struct
186 {
187   int __count;
188   union
189   {
190     unsigned int __wch;
191     char __wchb[4];
192   } __value;
193 } __mbstate_t;
194 # 6 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos_t.h" 2 3 4
195 
196 
197 
198 
199 typedef struct _G_fpos_t
200 {
201   __off_t __pos;
202   __mbstate_t __state;
203 } __fpos_t;
204 # 40 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
205 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos64_t.h" 1 3 4
206 # 10 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos64_t.h" 3 4
207 typedef struct _G_fpos64_t
208 {
209   __off64_t __pos;
210   __mbstate_t __state;
211 } __fpos64_t;
212 # 41 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
213 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__FILE.h" 1 3 4
214 
215 
216 
217 struct _IO_FILE;
218 typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
219 # 42 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
220 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/FILE.h" 1 3 4
221 
222 
223 
224 struct _IO_FILE;
225 
226 
227 typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
228 # 43 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
229 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/struct_FILE.h" 1 3 4
230 # 35 "/usr/include/bits/types/struct_FILE.h" 3 4
231 struct _IO_FILE;
232 struct _IO_marker;
233 struct _IO_codecvt;
234 struct _IO_wide_data;
235 
236 
237 
238 
239 typedef void _IO_lock_t;
240 
241 
242 
243 
244 
245 struct _IO_FILE
246 {
247   int _flags;
248 
249 
250   char *_IO_read_ptr;
251   char *_IO_read_end;
252   char *_IO_read_base;
253   char *_IO_write_base;
254   char *_IO_write_ptr;
255   char *_IO_write_end;
256   char *_IO_buf_base;
257   char *_IO_buf_end;
258 
259 
260   char *_IO_save_base;
261   char *_IO_backup_base;
262   char *_IO_save_end;
263 
264   struct _IO_marker *_markers;
265 
266   struct _IO_FILE *_chain;
267 
268   int _fileno;
269   int _flags2;
270   __off_t _old_offset;
271 
272 
273   unsigned short _cur_column;
274   signed char _vtable_offset;
275   char _shortbuf[1];
276 
277   _IO_lock_t *_lock;
278 
279 
280 
281 
282 
283 
284 
285   __off64_t _offset;
286 
287   struct _IO_codecvt *_codecvt;
288   struct _IO_wide_data *_wide_data;
289   struct _IO_FILE *_freeres_list;
290   void *_freeres_buf;
291   size_t __pad5;
292   int _mode;
293 
294   char _unused2[15 * sizeof (int) - 4 * sizeof (void *) - sizeof (size_t)];
295 };
296 # 44 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
297 # 52 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
298 typedef __gnuc_va_list va_list;
299 # 63 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
300 typedef __off_t off_t;
301 # 77 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
302 typedef __ssize_t ssize_t;
303 
304 
305 
306 
307 
308 
309 typedef __fpos_t fpos_t;
310 # 133 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
311 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h" 1 3 4
312 # 134 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
313 
314 
315 
316 extern FILE *stdin;
317 extern FILE *stdout;
318 extern FILE *stderr;
319 
320 
321 
322 
323 
324 
325 extern int remove (const char *__filename) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
326 
327 extern int rename (const char *__old, const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
328 
329 
330 
331 extern int renameat (int __oldfd, const char *__old, int __newfd,
332        const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
333 # 173 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
334 extern FILE *tmpfile (void) ;
335 # 187 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
336 extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
337 
338 
339 
340 
341 extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
342 # 204 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
343 extern char *tempnam (const char *__dir, const char *__pfx)
344      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__malloc__)) ;
345 
346 
347 
348 
349 
350 
351 
352 extern int fclose (FILE *__stream);
353 
354 
355 
356 
357 extern int fflush (FILE *__stream);
358 # 227 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
359 extern int fflush_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
360 # 246 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
361 extern FILE *fopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
362       const char *__restrict __modes) ;
363 
364 
365 
366 
367 extern FILE *freopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
368         const char *__restrict __modes,
369         FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
370 # 279 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
371 extern FILE *fdopen (int __fd, const char *__modes) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
372 # 292 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
373 extern FILE *fmemopen (void *__s, size_t __len, const char *__modes)
374   __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
375 
376 
377 
378 
379 extern FILE *open_memstream (char **__bufloc, size_t *__sizeloc) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
380 
381 
382 
383 
384 
385 extern void setbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
386 
387 
388 
389 extern int setvbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
390       int __modes, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
391 
392 
393 
394 
395 extern void setbuffer (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
396          size_t __size) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
397 
398 
399 extern void setlinebuf (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
400 
401 
402 
403 
404 
405 
406 
407 extern int fprintf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
408       const char *__restrict __format, ...);
409 
410 
411 
412 
413 extern int printf (const char *__restrict __format, ...);
414 
415 extern int sprintf (char *__restrict __s,
416       const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
417 
418 
419 
420 
421 
422 extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
423        __gnuc_va_list __arg);
424 
425 
426 
427 
428 extern int vprintf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg);
429 
430 extern int vsprintf (char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
431        __gnuc_va_list __arg) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
432 
433 
434 
435 extern int snprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
436        const char *__restrict __format, ...)
437      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 4)));
438 
439 extern int vsnprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
440         const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
441      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 0)));
442 # 379 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
443 extern int vdprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt,
444        __gnuc_va_list __arg)
445      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
446 extern int dprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)
447      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
448 
449 
450 
451 
452 
453 
454 
455 extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
456      const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;
457 
458 
459 
460 
461 extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;
462 
463 extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
464      const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
465 
466 
467 
468 
469 
470 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/floatn.h" 1 3 4
471 # 119 "/usr/include/bits/floatn.h" 3 4
472 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h" 1 3 4
473 # 24 "/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h" 3 4
474 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/long-double.h" 1 3 4
475 # 25 "/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h" 2 3 4
476 # 120 "/usr/include/bits/floatn.h" 2 3 4
477 # 407 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
478 
479 
480 
481 extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_fscanf")
482 
483                                ;
484 extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_scanf")
485                               ;
486 extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_sscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__))
487 
488                       ;
489 # 435 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
490 extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
491       __gnuc_va_list __arg)
492      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) ;
493 
494 
495 
496 
497 
498 extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
499      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) ;
500 
501 
502 extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
503       const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
504      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
505 
506 
507 
508 
509 
510 extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vfscanf")
511 
512 
513 
514      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) ;
515 extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vscanf")
516 
517      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) ;
518 extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vsscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__))
519 
520 
521 
522      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
523 # 489 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
524 extern int fgetc (FILE *__stream);
525 extern int getc (FILE *__stream);
526 
527 
528 
529 
530 
531 extern int getchar (void);
532 
533 
534 
535 
536 
537 
538 extern int getc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
539 extern int getchar_unlocked (void);
540 # 514 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
541 extern int fgetc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
542 # 525 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
543 extern int fputc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
544 extern int putc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
545 
546 
547 
548 
549 
550 extern int putchar (int __c);
551 # 541 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
552 extern int fputc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
553 
554 
555 
556 
557 
558 
559 
560 extern int putc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
561 extern int putchar_unlocked (int __c);
562 
563 
564 
565 
566 
567 
568 extern int getw (FILE *__stream);
569 
570 
571 extern int putw (int __w, FILE *__stream);
572 
573 
574 
575 
576 
577 
578 
579 extern char *fgets (char *__restrict __s, int __n, FILE *__restrict __stream)
580      __attribute__ ((__access__ (__write_only__, 1, 2)));
581 # 608 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
582 extern __ssize_t __getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
583                              size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
584                              FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
585 extern __ssize_t getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
586                            size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
587                            FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
588 
589 
590 
591 
592 
593 
594 
595 extern __ssize_t getline (char **__restrict __lineptr,
596                           size_t *__restrict __n,
597                           FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
598 
599 
600 
601 
602 
603 
604 
605 extern int fputs (const char *__restrict __s, FILE *__restrict __stream);
606 
607 
608 
609 
610 
611 extern int puts (const char *__s);
612 
613 
614 
615 
616 
617 
618 extern int ungetc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
619 
620 
621 
622 
623 
624 
625 extern size_t fread (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
626        size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
627 
628 
629 
630 
631 extern size_t fwrite (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
632         size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __s);
633 # 678 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
634 extern size_t fread_unlocked (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
635          size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
636 extern size_t fwrite_unlocked (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
637           size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream);
638 
639 
640 
641 
642 
643 
644 
645 extern int fseek (FILE *__stream, long int __off, int __whence);
646 
647 
648 
649 
650 extern long int ftell (FILE *__stream) ;
651 
652 
653 
654 
655 extern void rewind (FILE *__stream);
656 # 712 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
657 extern int fseeko (FILE *__stream, __off_t __off, int __whence);
658 
659 
660 
661 
662 extern __off_t ftello (FILE *__stream) ;
663 # 736 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
664 extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos);
665 
666 
667 
668 
669 extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos);
670 # 762 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
671 extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
672 
673 extern int feof (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
674 
675 extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
676 
677 
678 
679 extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
680 extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
681 extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
682 
683 
684 
685 
686 
687 
688 
689 extern void perror (const char *__s);
690 
691 
692 
693 
694 extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
695 
696 
697 
698 
699 extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
700 # 799 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
701 extern FILE *popen (const char *__command, const char *__modes) ;
702 
703 
704 
705 
706 
707 extern int pclose (FILE *__stream);
708 
709 
710 
711 
712 
713 extern char *ctermid (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
714 # 839 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
715 extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
716 
717 
718 
719 extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
720 
721 
722 extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
723 # 857 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
724 extern int __uflow (FILE *);
725 extern int __overflow (FILE *, int);
726 # 874 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
727 
728 # 2 "hello.c" 2
729 
730 
731 # 3 "hello.c"
732 int main(int argc, char **argv)
733 {
734  printf("Hello world!\n");
735 
736  return 0;
737 }

　　以上是直接输出到屏幕，也可以gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i，将预处理结果保存到文件hello.i文件，以便于后期查看（虽然并没有多大用途，但万一哪天需要了呢）

含有宏定义和条件编译的代码：直接用gcc -E hello1.c -o hello1.i

  1 # 1 "hello1.c"
  2 # 1 "<built-in>"
  3 # 1 "<命令行>"
  4 # 31 "<命令行>"
  5 # 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
  6 # 32 "<命令行>" 2
  7 # 1 "hello1.c"
  8 # 1 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 1 3 4
  9 # 27 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
 10 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/libc-header-start.h" 1 3 4
 11 # 33 "/usr/include/bits/libc-header-start.h" 3 4
 12 # 1 "/usr/include/features.h" 1 3 4
 13 # 465 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
 14 # 1 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 1 3 4
 15 # 452 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 3 4
 16 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
 17 # 453 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
 18 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/long-double.h" 1 3 4
 19 # 454 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
 20 # 466 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
 21 # 489 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
 22 # 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 1 3 4
 23 # 10 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 3 4
 24 # 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h" 1 3 4
 25 # 11 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 2 3 4
 26 # 490 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
 27 # 34 "/usr/include/bits/libc-header-start.h" 2 3 4
 28 # 28 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
 29 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 # 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
 35 # 209 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stddef.h" 3 4
 36 
 37 # 209 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stddef.h" 3 4
 38 typedef long unsigned int size_t;
 39 # 34 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
 40 
 41 
 42 # 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stdarg.h" 1 3 4
 43 # 40 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include/stdarg.h" 3 4
 44 typedef __builtin_va_list __gnuc_va_list;
 45 # 37 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
 46 
 47 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 1 3 4
 48 # 27 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
 49 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
 50 # 28 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
 51 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/timesize.h" 1 3 4
 52 # 29 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
 53 
 54 
 55 typedef unsigned char __u_char;
 56 typedef unsigned short int __u_short;
 57 typedef unsigned int __u_int;
 58 typedef unsigned long int __u_long;
 59 
 60 
 61 typedef signed char __int8_t;
 62 typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;
 63 typedef signed short int __int16_t;
 64 typedef unsigned short int __uint16_t;
 65 typedef signed int __int32_t;
 66 typedef unsigned int __uint32_t;
 67 
 68 typedef signed long int __int64_t;
 69 typedef unsigned long int __uint64_t;
 70 
 71 
 72 
 73 
 74 
 75 
 76 typedef __int8_t __int_least8_t;
 77 typedef __uint8_t __uint_least8_t;
 78 typedef __int16_t __int_least16_t;
 79 typedef __uint16_t __uint_least16_t;
 80 typedef __int32_t __int_least32_t;
 81 typedef __uint32_t __uint_least32_t;
 82 typedef __int64_t __int_least64_t;
 83 typedef __uint64_t __uint_least64_t;
 84 
 85 
 86 
 87 typedef long int __quad_t;
 88 typedef unsigned long int __u_quad_t;
 89 
 90 
 91 
 92 
 93 
 94 
 95 
 96 typedef long int __intmax_t;
 97 typedef unsigned long int __uintmax_t;
 98 # 141 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
 99 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/typesizes.h" 1 3 4
100 # 142 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
101 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/time64.h" 1 3 4
102 # 143 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4
103 
104 
105 typedef unsigned long int __dev_t;
106 typedef unsigned int __uid_t;
107 typedef unsigned int __gid_t;
108 typedef unsigned long int __ino_t;
109 typedef unsigned long int __ino64_t;
110 typedef unsigned int __mode_t;
111 typedef unsigned long int __nlink_t;
112 typedef long int __off_t;
113 typedef long int __off64_t;
114 typedef int __pid_t;
115 typedef struct { int __val[2]; } __fsid_t;
116 typedef long int __clock_t;
117 typedef unsigned long int __rlim_t;
118 typedef unsigned long int __rlim64_t;
119 typedef unsigned int __id_t;
120 typedef long int __time_t;
121 typedef unsigned int __useconds_t;
122 typedef long int __suseconds_t;
123 typedef long int __suseconds64_t;
124 
125 typedef int __daddr_t;
126 typedef int __key_t;
127 
128 
129 typedef int __clockid_t;
130 
131 
132 typedef void * __timer_t;
133 
134 
135 typedef long int __blksize_t;
136 
137 
138 
139 
140 typedef long int __blkcnt_t;
141 typedef long int __blkcnt64_t;
142 
143 
144 typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt_t;
145 typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt64_t;
146 
147 
148 typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt_t;
149 typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt64_t;
150 
151 
152 typedef long int __fsword_t;
153 
154 typedef long int __ssize_t;
155 
156 
157 typedef long int __syscall_slong_t;
158 
159 typedef unsigned long int __syscall_ulong_t;
160 
161 
162 
163 typedef __off64_t __loff_t;
164 typedef char *__caddr_t;
165 
166 
167 typedef long int __intptr_t;
168 
169 
170 typedef unsigned int __socklen_t;
171 
172 
173 
174 
175 typedef int __sig_atomic_t;
176 # 39 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
177 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos_t.h" 1 3 4
178 
179 
180 
181 
182 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__mbstate_t.h" 1 3 4
183 # 13 "/usr/include/bits/types/__mbstate_t.h" 3 4
184 typedef struct
185 {
186   int __count;
187   union
188   {
189     unsigned int __wch;
190     char __wchb[4];
191   } __value;
192 } __mbstate_t;
193 # 6 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos_t.h" 2 3 4
194 
195 
196 
197 
198 typedef struct _G_fpos_t
199 {
200   __off_t __pos;
201   __mbstate_t __state;
202 } __fpos_t;
203 # 40 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
204 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos64_t.h" 1 3 4
205 # 10 "/usr/include/bits/types/__fpos64_t.h" 3 4
206 typedef struct _G_fpos64_t
207 {
208   __off64_t __pos;
209   __mbstate_t __state;
210 } __fpos64_t;
211 # 41 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
212 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/__FILE.h" 1 3 4
213 
214 
215 
216 struct _IO_FILE;
217 typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
218 # 42 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
219 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/FILE.h" 1 3 4
220 
221 
222 
223 struct _IO_FILE;
224 
225 
226 typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
227 # 43 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
228 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/types/struct_FILE.h" 1 3 4
229 # 35 "/usr/include/bits/types/struct_FILE.h" 3 4
230 struct _IO_FILE;
231 struct _IO_marker;
232 struct _IO_codecvt;
233 struct _IO_wide_data;
234 
235 
236 
237 
238 typedef void _IO_lock_t;
239 
240 
241 
242 
243 
244 struct _IO_FILE
245 {
246   int _flags;
247 
248 
249   char *_IO_read_ptr;
250   char *_IO_read_end;
251   char *_IO_read_base;
252   char *_IO_write_base;
253   char *_IO_write_ptr;
254   char *_IO_write_end;
255   char *_IO_buf_base;
256   char *_IO_buf_end;
257 
258 
259   char *_IO_save_base;
260   char *_IO_backup_base;
261   char *_IO_save_end;
262 
263   struct _IO_marker *_markers;
264 
265   struct _IO_FILE *_chain;
266 
267   int _fileno;
268   int _flags2;
269   __off_t _old_offset;
270 
271 
272   unsigned short _cur_column;
273   signed char _vtable_offset;
274   char _shortbuf[1];
275 
276   _IO_lock_t *_lock;
277 
278 
279 
280 
281 
282 
283 
284   __off64_t _offset;
285 
286   struct _IO_codecvt *_codecvt;
287   struct _IO_wide_data *_wide_data;
288   struct _IO_FILE *_freeres_list;
289   void *_freeres_buf;
290   size_t __pad5;
291   int _mode;
292 
293   char _unused2[15 * sizeof (int) - 4 * sizeof (void *) - sizeof (size_t)];
294 };
295 # 44 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
296 # 52 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
297 typedef __gnuc_va_list va_list;
298 # 63 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
299 typedef __off_t off_t;
300 # 77 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
301 typedef __ssize_t ssize_t;
302 
303 
304 
305 
306 
307 
308 typedef __fpos_t fpos_t;
309 # 133 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
310 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h" 1 3 4
311 # 134 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
312 
313 
314 
315 extern FILE *stdin;
316 extern FILE *stdout;
317 extern FILE *stderr;
318 
319 
320 
321 
322 
323 
324 extern int remove (const char *__filename) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
325 
326 extern int rename (const char *__old, const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
327 
328 
329 
330 extern int renameat (int __oldfd, const char *__old, int __newfd,
331        const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
332 # 173 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
333 extern FILE *tmpfile (void) ;
334 # 187 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
335 extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
336 
337 
338 
339 
340 extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
341 # 204 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
342 extern char *tempnam (const char *__dir, const char *__pfx)
343      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__malloc__)) ;
344 
345 
346 
347 
348 
349 
350 
351 extern int fclose (FILE *__stream);
352 
353 
354 
355 
356 extern int fflush (FILE *__stream);
357 # 227 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
358 extern int fflush_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
359 # 246 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
360 extern FILE *fopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
361       const char *__restrict __modes) ;
362 
363 
364 
365 
366 extern FILE *freopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
367         const char *__restrict __modes,
368         FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
369 # 279 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
370 extern FILE *fdopen (int __fd, const char *__modes) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
371 # 292 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
372 extern FILE *fmemopen (void *__s, size_t __len, const char *__modes)
373   __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
374 
375 
376 
377 
378 extern FILE *open_memstream (char **__bufloc, size_t *__sizeloc) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
379 
380 
381 
382 
383 
384 extern void setbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
385 
386 
387 
388 extern int setvbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
389       int __modes, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
390 
391 
392 
393 
394 extern void setbuffer (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
395          size_t __size) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
396 
397 
398 extern void setlinebuf (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
399 
400 
401 
402 
403 
404 
405 
406 extern int fprintf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
407       const char *__restrict __format, ...);
408 
409 
410 
411 
412 extern int printf (const char *__restrict __format, ...);
413 
414 extern int sprintf (char *__restrict __s,
415       const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
416 
417 
418 
419 
420 
421 extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
422        __gnuc_va_list __arg);
423 
424 
425 
426 
427 extern int vprintf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg);
428 
429 extern int vsprintf (char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
430        __gnuc_va_list __arg) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__));
431 
432 
433 
434 extern int snprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
435        const char *__restrict __format, ...)
436      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 4)));
437 
438 extern int vsnprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
439         const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
440      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 0)));
441 # 379 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
442 extern int vdprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt,
443        __gnuc_va_list __arg)
444      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
445 extern int dprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)
446      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
447 
448 
449 
450 
451 
452 
453 
454 extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
455      const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;
456 
457 
458 
459 
460 extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;
461 
462 extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
463      const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
464 
465 
466 
467 
468 
469 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/floatn.h" 1 3 4
470 # 119 "/usr/include/bits/floatn.h" 3 4
471 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h" 1 3 4
472 # 24 "/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h" 3 4
473 # 1 "/usr/include/bits/long-double.h" 1 3 4
474 # 25 "/usr/include/bits/floatn-common.h" 2 3 4
475 # 120 "/usr/include/bits/floatn.h" 2 3 4
476 # 407 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
477 
478 
479 
480 extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_fscanf")
481 
482                                ;
483 extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_scanf")
484                               ;
485 extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_sscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__))
486 
487                       ;
488 # 435 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
489 extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
490       __gnuc_va_list __arg)
491      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) ;
492 
493 
494 
495 
496 
497 extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
498      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) ;
499 
500 
501 extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
502       const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
503      __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
504 
505 
506 
507 
508 
509 extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vfscanf")
510 
511 
512 
513      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) ;
514 extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vscanf")
515 
516      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) ;
517 extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vsscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__))
518 
519 
520 
521      __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
522 # 489 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
523 extern int fgetc (FILE *__stream);
524 extern int getc (FILE *__stream);
525 
526 
527 
528 
529 
530 extern int getchar (void);
531 
532 
533 
534 
535 
536 
537 extern int getc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
538 extern int getchar_unlocked (void);
539 # 514 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
540 extern int fgetc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
541 # 525 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
542 extern int fputc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
543 extern int putc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
544 
545 
546 
547 
548 
549 extern int putchar (int __c);
550 # 541 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
551 extern int fputc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
552 
553 
554 
555 
556 
557 
558 
559 extern int putc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
560 extern int putchar_unlocked (int __c);
561 
562 
563 
564 
565 
566 
567 extern int getw (FILE *__stream);
568 
569 
570 extern int putw (int __w, FILE *__stream);
571 
572 
573 
574 
575 
576 
577 
578 extern char *fgets (char *__restrict __s, int __n, FILE *__restrict __stream)
579      __attribute__ ((__access__ (__write_only__, 1, 2)));
580 # 608 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
581 extern __ssize_t __getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
582                              size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
583                              FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
584 extern __ssize_t getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
585                            size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
586                            FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
587 
588 
589 
590 
591 
592 
593 
594 extern __ssize_t getline (char **__restrict __lineptr,
595                           size_t *__restrict __n,
596                           FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
597 
598 
599 
600 
601 
602 
603 
604 extern int fputs (const char *__restrict __s, FILE *__restrict __stream);
605 
606 
607 
608 
609 
610 extern int puts (const char *__s);
611 
612 
613 
614 
615 
616 
617 extern int ungetc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
618 
619 
620 
621 
622 
623 
624 extern size_t fread (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
625        size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
626 
627 
628 
629 
630 extern size_t fwrite (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
631         size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __s);
632 # 678 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
633 extern size_t fread_unlocked (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
634          size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
635 extern size_t fwrite_unlocked (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
636           size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream);
637 
638 
639 
640 
641 
642 
643 
644 extern int fseek (FILE *__stream, long int __off, int __whence);
645 
646 
647 
648 
649 extern long int ftell (FILE *__stream) ;
650 
651 
652 
653 
654 extern void rewind (FILE *__stream);
655 # 712 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
656 extern int fseeko (FILE *__stream, __off_t __off, int __whence);
657 
658 
659 
660 
661 extern __off_t ftello (FILE *__stream) ;
662 # 736 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
663 extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos);
664 
665 
666 
667 
668 extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos);
669 # 762 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
670 extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
671 
672 extern int feof (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
673 
674 extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
675 
676 
677 
678 extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
679 extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
680 extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
681 
682 
683 
684 
685 
686 
687 
688 extern void perror (const char *__s);
689 
690 
691 
692 
693 extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
694 
695 
696 
697 
698 extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
699 # 799 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
700 extern FILE *popen (const char *__command, const char *__modes) ;
701 
702 
703 
704 
705 
706 extern int pclose (FILE *__stream);
707 
708 
709 
710 
711 
712 extern char *ctermid (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
713 # 839 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
714 extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
715 
716 
717 
718 extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
719 
720 
721 extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
722 # 857 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
723 extern int __uflow (FILE *);
724 extern int __overflow (FILE *, int);
725 # 874 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
726 
727 # 2 "hello1.c" 2
728 
729 
730 
731 
732 # 5 "hello1.c"
733 int main(int argc, char **argv)
734 {
735  printf("Hello world! NUM: %d\n", 8);
736 
737  return 0;
738 }

　　735行可以明显看出宏定义中的#define NUM 8已经其作用了，NUM已经被替换成功，包含条件编译的代码如下：

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 
 3 #define NUM 8
 4 
 5 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6 {
 7     printf("Hello world! NUM: %d\n", NUM);
 8 
 9 #ifdef TEST
10     printf("Test mode ......\n");
11 #endif
12                                                                                   
13     return 0;
14 }

　　若使用gcc -UTEST -g hello1.c -o hello1T，没有定义宏定义TEST，则结果为：

　　预编译结果为，其他不太相关部分省略：

# 857 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
722 extern int __uflow (FILE *);
723 extern int __overflow (FILE *, int);
724 # 874 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
725 
726 # 2 "hello1.c" 2
727 
728 
729 
730 
731 # 5 "hello1.c"
732 int main(int argc, char **argv)
733 {
734  printf("Hello world! NUM: %d\n", 8);
735 
736                                                                                  
737 
738 
739 
740  return 0;
741 }

 　　最终执行结果为：

　　Hello world! NUM: 8

　　若使用gcc -DTEST -g hello1.c -o hello1N，定义了宏定义TEST，则结果为：

721 # 857 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
722 extern int __uflow (FILE *);
723 extern int __overflow (FILE *, int);
724 # 874 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
725 
726 # 2 "hello1.c" 2
727 
728 
729 
730 
731 # 5 "hello1.c"
732 int main(int argc, char **argv)
733 {
734  printf("Hello world! NUM: %d\n", 8);
735 
736                                                                                  
737  printf("Test mode ......\n");
738 
739 
740  return 0;
741 }

 　   最终执行结果为：
　　Hello world! NUM: 8

　　Test mode ......

三、源码的编译：

　　gcc -S hello.c或 gcc -S （-masam=att） hello.c -o hello.s结果为，是AT&T汇编：

 1     .file   "hello.c"                                                             
 2     .text
 3     .section    .rodata
 4 .LC0:
 5     .string "Hello world!"
 6     .text
 7     .globl  main
 8     .type   main, @function
 9 main:
10 .LFB0:
11     .cfi_startproc
12     pushq   %rbp
13     .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
14     .cfi_offset 6, -16
15     movq    %rsp, %rbp
16     .cfi_def_cfa_register 6
17     subq    $16, %rsp
18     movl    %edi, -4(%rbp)
19     movq    %rsi, -16(%rbp)
20     leaq    .LC0(%rip), %rdi
21     call    puts@PLT
22     movl    $0, %eax
23     leave
24     .cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
25     ret
26     .cfi_endproc
27 .LFE0:
28     .size   main, .-main
29     .ident  "GCC: (GNU) 10.2.0"
30     .section    .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

　　gcc -S -masam=intel hello.c -o hello.s结果为，是INTEL汇编：

 1     .file   "hello.c"                                         
 2     .intel_syntax noprefix
 3     .text
 4     .section    .rodata
 5 .LC0:
 6     .string "Hello world!"
 7     .text
 8     .globl  main
 9     .type   main, @function
10 main:
11 .LFB0:
12     .cfi_startproc
13     push    rbp
14     .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
15     .cfi_offset 6, -16
16     mov rbp, rsp
17     .cfi_def_cfa_register 6
18     sub rsp, 16
19     mov DWORD PTR -4[rbp], edi
20     mov QWORD PTR -16[rbp], rsi
21     lea rdi, .LC0[rip]
22     call    puts@PLT
23     mov eax, 0
24     leave
25     .cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
26     ret
27     .cfi_endproc
28 .LFE0:
29     .size   main, .-main
30     .ident  "GCC: (GNU) 10.2.0"
31     .section    .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

　　下面讲解以att的代码为例：

说明：第1行：表明文件名为hello.c

　　　　第2行：text段开始

　　　　第3行：表示节名，只读段没有内容

　　　　第4行：只是一个标号，具体不太明白

　　　　第5行：用到的字符串"Hello world!"

　　　　第6行：代码节，text段开始

　　　　第7行：main是全局变量名

　　　　第8行：表明main是个函数名

　　　　第9行：表示main函数开始

　　　　第10行：表示main函数代码的开始，第一个函数的开始；

　　　　第11行：cif(call frame infromation)开始，表明有调用函数

　　　　第12行：保存栈基址

　　　　第13行：偏移出16个字节的空间，cfa（Canonical Frame Address规范化帧地址）

　　　　第14行：先前寄存器的值保存在取自CFA的偏移地址中

　　　　第15行：将栈顶指针作为新的栈基址

　　　　第16行：Canonical Frame Address （规范化帧地址）

　　　　第17行：开辟16字节的空间

　　　　第18行：将edi数据存入栈帧

　　　　第19行：将rsi数据存入栈帧

　　　　第20行：计算新地址

　　　　第21行：调用函数PLT

　　　　第22行：将0放入eax中，准备返回值，0为正常返回

　　　　第23行：离开

　　　　第24行：改变cfa的偏移地址

　　　　第25行：返回

　　　　第26行：cif(call frame infromation)结束，

　　　　第27行：表示main函数代码的结束，第一个函数的结束

　　　　第28行：size信息

　　　　第29行：编译器的信息

　　　　第30行：段的信息 　　　　

.cfi_def_cfa register, offset：定义规范化栈地址：将寄存器中的地址进行偏移获取新地址；

.cfi_def_cfa_register register：改变计算规范化地址的规则：从现在开始寄存器用新值替换旧的值，偏移地址保持不变；

.cfi_def_cfa_offset offset：改变计算规范化地址的规则：寄存器不变，改变偏移地址；

.cfi_adjust_cfa_offset offset：和 .cfi_def_cfa_offset 相同，不同的是偏移地址通过相加或相减先前的偏移地址；

 

.cfi_offset register, offset：先前寄存器的值保存在取自CFA的偏移地址中；

四、汇编源码的汇编：

　　gcc -c helloA.s　　　　　　　　　　　　生成helloA.o文件

　　可以通过objdump -d helloA.o

 1  ~  WORKM  studyCode  gnuC  objdump -d helloA.o
 2 
 3 helloA.o：     文件格式 elf64-x86-64
 4 
 5 
 6 Disassembly of section .text:
 7 
 8 0000000000000000 <main>:
 9    0:   55                      push   %rbp
10    1:   48 89 e5                mov    %rsp,%rbp
11    4:   48 83 ec 10             sub    $0x10,%rsp
12    8:   89 7d fc                mov    %edi,-0x4(%rbp)
13    b:   48 89 75 f0             mov    %rsi,-0x10(%rbp)
14    f:   48 8d 3d 00 00 00 00    lea    0x0(%rip),%rdi        # 16 <main+0x16>
15   16:   e8 00 00 00 00          callq  1b <main+0x1b>
16   1b:   b8 00 00 00 00          mov    $0x0,%eax
17   20:   c9                      leaveq 
18   21:   c3                      retq

　　gcc helloA.o -o helloA　　　　　　　　　生成可执行文件

　　也可以使用objdump -D helloAA >> helloAAA,内容为

  1 helloAA：     文件格式 elf64-x86-64
  2 
  3 
  4 Disassembly of section .init:
  5 
  6 0000000000001000 <_init>:
  7     1000:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64
  8     1004:   48 83 ec 08             sub    $0x8,%rsp
  9     1008:   48 8b 05 d9 2f 00 00    mov    0x2fd9(%rip),%rax        # 3fe8 <__gmon_start__>
 10     100f:   48 85 c0                test   %rax,%rax
 11     1012:   74 02                   je     1016 <_init+0x16>
 12     1014:   ff d0                   callq  *%rax
 13     1016:   48 83 c4 08             add    $0x8,%rsp
 14     101a:   c3                      retq
 15 
 16 Disassembly of section .plt:
 17 
 18 0000000000001020 <.plt>:
 19     1020:   ff 35 e2 2f 00 00       pushq  0x2fe2(%rip)        # 4008 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x8>
 20     1026:   ff 25 e4 2f 00 00       jmpq   *0x2fe4(%rip)        # 4010 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x10>
 21     102c:   0f 1f 40 00             nopl   0x0(%rax)
 22 
 23 0000000000001030 <puts@plt>:
 24     1030:   ff 25 e2 2f 00 00       jmpq   *0x2fe2(%rip)        # 4018 <puts@GLIBC_2.2.5>
 25     1036:   68 00 00 00 00          pushq  $0x0
 26     103b:   e9 e0 ff ff ff          jmpq   1020 <.plt>
 27 
 28 Disassembly of section .text:
 29 
 30 0000000000001040 <_start>:
 31     1040:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64
 32     1044:   31 ed                   xor    %ebp,%ebp
 33     1046:   49 89 d1                mov    %rdx,%r9
 34     1049:   5e                      pop    %rsi
 35     104a:   48 89 e2                mov    %rsp,%rdx
 36     104d:   48 83 e4 f0             and    $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rsp
 37     1051:   50                      push   %rax
 38     1052:   54                      push   %rsp
 39     1053:   4c 8d 05 76 01 00 00    lea    0x176(%rip),%r8        # 11d0 <__libc_csu_fini>
 40     105a:   48 8d 0d ff 00 00 00    lea    0xff(%rip),%rcx        # 1160 <__libc_csu_init>
 41     1061:   48 8d 3d d1 00 00 00    lea    0xd1(%rip),%rdi        # 1139 <main>
 42     1068:   ff 15 72 2f 00 00       callq  *0x2f72(%rip)        # 3fe0 <__libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5>
 43     106e:   f4                      hlt
 44     106f:   90                      nop
 45 
 46 0000000000001070 <deregister_tm_clones>:
 47     1070:   48 8d 3d b9 2f 00 00    lea    0x2fb9(%rip),%rdi        # 4030 <__TMC_END__>
 48     1077:   48 8d 05 b2 2f 00 00    lea    0x2fb2(%rip),%rax        # 4030 <__TMC_END__>
 49     107e:   48 39 f8                cmp    %rdi,%rax
 50     1081:   74 15                   je     1098 <deregister_tm_clones+0x28>
 51     1083:   48 8b 05 4e 2f 00 00    mov    0x2f4e(%rip),%rax        # 3fd8 <_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable>
 52     108a:   48 85 c0                test   %rax,%rax
 53     108d:   74 09                   je     1098 <deregister_tm_clones+0x28>
 54     108f:   ff e0                   jmpq   *%rax
 55     1091:   0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00    nopl   0x0(%rax)
 56     1098:   c3                      retq
 57     1099:   0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00    nopl   0x0(%rax)
 58 
 59 00000000000010a0 <register_tm_clones>:
 60     10a0:   48 8d 3d 89 2f 00 00    lea    0x2f89(%rip),%rdi        # 4030 <__TMC_END__>
 61     10a7:   48 8d 35 82 2f 00 00    lea    0x2f82(%rip),%rsi        # 4030 <__TMC_END__>
 62     10ae:   48 29 fe                sub    %rdi,%rsi
 63     10b1:   48 89 f0                mov    %rsi,%rax
 64     10b4:   48 c1 ee 3f             shr    $0x3f,%rsi
 65     10b8:   48 c1 f8 03             sar    $0x3,%rax
 66     10bc:   48 01 c6                add    %rax,%rsi
 67     10bf:   48 d1 fe                sar    %rsi
 68     10c2:   74 14                   je     10d8 <register_tm_clones+0x38>
 69     10c4:   48 8b 05 25 2f 00 00    mov    0x2f25(%rip),%rax        # 3ff0 <_ITM_registerTMCloneTable>
 70     10cb:   48 85 c0                test   %rax,%rax
 71     10ce:   74 08                   je     10d8 <register_tm_clones+0x38>
 72     10d0:   ff e0                   jmpq   *%rax
 73     10d2:   66 0f 1f 44 00 00       nopw   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
 74     10d8:   c3                      retq
 75     10d9:   0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00    nopl   0x0(%rax)
 76 
 77 00000000000010e0 <__do_global_dtors_aux>:
 78     10e0:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64
 79     10e4:   80 3d 45 2f 00 00 00    cmpb   $0x0,0x2f45(%rip)        # 4030 <__TMC_END__>
 80     10eb:   75 33                   jne    1120 <__do_global_dtors_aux+0x40>
 81     10ed:   55                      push   %rbp
 82     10ee:   48 83 3d 02 2f 00 00    cmpq   $0x0,0x2f02(%rip)        # 3ff8 <__cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.2.5>
 83     10f5:   00
 84     10f6:   48 89 e5                mov    %rsp,%rbp
 85     10f9:   74 0d                   je     1108 <__do_global_dtors_aux+0x28>
 86     10fb:   48 8b 3d 26 2f 00 00    mov    0x2f26(%rip),%rdi        # 4028 <__dso_handle>
 87     1102:   ff 15 f0 2e 00 00       callq  *0x2ef0(%rip)        # 3ff8 <__cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.2.5>
 88     1108:   e8 63 ff ff ff          callq  1070 <deregister_tm_clones>
 89     110d:   c6 05 1c 2f 00 00 01    movb   $0x1,0x2f1c(%rip)        # 4030 <__TMC_END__>
 90     1114:   5d                      pop    %rbp
 91     1115:   c3                      retq
 92     1116:   66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00    nopw   %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
 93     111d:   00 00 00
 94     1120:   c3                      retq
 95     1121:   66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00    data16 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
 96     1128:   00 00 00 00
 97     112c:   0f 1f 40 00             nopl   0x0(%rax)
 98 
 99 0000000000001130 <frame_dummy>:
100     1130:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64
101     1134:   e9 67 ff ff ff          jmpq   10a0 <register_tm_clones>
102 
103 0000000000001139 <main>:
104     1139:   55                      push   %rbp
105     113a:   48 89 e5                mov    %rsp,%rbp
106     113d:   48 83 ec 10             sub    $0x10,%rsp
107     1141:   89 7d fc                mov    %edi,-0x4(%rbp)
108     1144:   48 89 75 f0             mov    %rsi,-0x10(%rbp)
109     1148:   48 8d 3d b5 0e 00 00    lea    0xeb5(%rip),%rdi        # 2004 <_IO_stdin_used+0x4>
110     114f:   e8 dc fe ff ff          callq  1030 <puts@plt>
111     1154:   b8 00 00 00 00          mov    $0x0,%eax
112     1159:   c9                      leaveq
113     115a:   c3                      retq
114     115b:   0f 1f 44 00 00          nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
115 
116 0000000000001160 <__libc_csu_init>:
117     1160:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64
118     1164:   41 57                   push   %r15
119     1166:   4c 8d 3d 7b 2c 00 00    lea    0x2c7b(%rip),%r15        # 3de8 <__frame_dummy_init_array_entry>
120     116d:   41 56                   push   %r14
121     116f:   49 89 d6                mov    %rdx,%r14
122     1172:   41 55                   push   %r13
123     1174:   49 89 f5                mov    %rsi,%r13
124     1177:   41 54                   push   %r12
125     1179:   41 89 fc                mov    %edi,%r12d
126     117c:   55                      push   %rbp
127     117d:   48 8d 2d 6c 2c 00 00    lea    0x2c6c(%rip),%rbp        # 3df0 <__do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry>
128     1184:   53                      push   %rbx
129     1185:   4c 29 fd                sub    %r15,%rbp
130     1188:   48 83 ec 08             sub    $0x8,%rsp
131     118c:   e8 6f fe ff ff          callq  1000 <_init>
132     1191:   48 c1 fd 03             sar    $0x3,%rbp
133     1195:   74 1f                   je     11b6 <__libc_csu_init+0x56>
134     1197:   31 db                   xor    %ebx,%ebx
135     1199:   0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00    nopl   0x0(%rax)
136     11a0:   4c 89 f2                mov    %r14,%rdx
137     11a3:   4c 89 ee                mov    %r13,%rsi
138     11a6:   44 89 e7                mov    %r12d,%edi
139     11a9:   41 ff 14 df             callq  *(%r15,%rbx,8)
140     11ad:   48 83 c3 01             add    $0x1,%rbx
141     11b1:   48 39 dd                cmp    %rbx,%rbp
142     11b4:   75 ea                   jne    11a0 <__libc_csu_init+0x40>
143     11b6:   48 83 c4 08             add    $0x8,%rsp
144     11ba:   5b                      pop    %rbx
145     11bb:   5d                      pop    %rbp
146     11bc:   41 5c                   pop    %r12
147     11be:   41 5d                   pop    %r13
148     11c0:   41 5e                   pop    %r14
149     11c2:   41 5f                   pop    %r15
150     11c4:   c3                      retq
151     11c5:   66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00    data16 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
152     11cc:   00 00 00 00
153 
154 00000000000011d0 <__libc_csu_fini>:
155     11d0:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64
156     11d4:   c3                      retq
157 
158 Disassembly of section .fini:                                                                                                                                                                                                             
159 
160 00000000000011d8 <_fini>:
161     11d8:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64 
162     11dc:   48 83 ec 08             sub    $0x8,%rsp
163     11e0:   48 83 c4 08             add    $0x8,%rsp
164     11e4:   c3                      retq   
~

五、链接：

　　经过前面的步骤，可以生成多个目标代码，壳虫定位目标码都是按地址0作为起始地址的，调用其他模块的函数的callq指令中的地址并没有填充被调用代码的地址。链接主要完成两个事情：

　　（1）、将各个模块目标代码在程序空间中指定自己的不重叠的位置和区间，这个举动常常称为“布局”。

　　（2）、对未确定的地址将布局后对应的函数地址替换函数调用中的全0地址，这个举动常被称为重定位，调用其他模块上的函数需要重定位，引用其他模块上的变量需要重定位，甚至引用本模块中的全局变量也需要重定位；使用静态链接，程序创建后就可以确定地址；使用动态链接，需要一个辅助位置，在程序运行中才能确定具体地址；

六、编译驱动：

　　gcc -v -g hello1.c -o hello1

 1  ~  WORKM  studyCode  gnuC  gcc -v -g hello1.c -o hello1
 2 使用内建 specs。
 3 COLLECT_GCC=gcc
 4 COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/lto-wrapper
 5 目标：x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
 6 配置为：/build/gcc/src/gcc/configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=https://bugs.archlinux.org/ --enable-languages=c,c++,ada,fortran,go,lto,objc,obj-c++,d --with-isl --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-cet=auto --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-default-ssp --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-install-libiberty --enable-linker-build-id --enable-lto --enable-multilib --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libunwind-exceptions --disable-werror gdc_include_dir=/usr/include/dlang/gdc
 7 线程模型：posix
 8 Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
 9 gcc 版本 10.2.0 (GCC) 
10 COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-g' '-o' 'hello1' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
11  /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/cc1 -quiet -v hello1.c -quiet -dumpbase hello1.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase hello1 -g -version -o /tmp/cceOgteA.s
12 GNU C17 (GCC) 版本 10.2.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
13         由 GNU C 版本 10.2.0 编译，GMP 版本 6.2.0，MPFR 版本 4.1.0，MPC 版本 1.1.0，isl 版本 isl-0.21-GMP
14 
15 GGC 准则：--param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
16 忽略不存在的目录“/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/include”
17 #include "..." 搜索从这里开始：
18 #include <...> 搜索从这里开始：
19  /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include
20  /usr/local/include
21  /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/include-fixed
22  /usr/include
23 搜索列表结束。
24 GNU C17 (GCC) 版本 10.2.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
25         由 GNU C 版本 10.2.0 编译，GMP 版本 6.2.0，MPFR 版本 4.1.0，MPC 版本 1.1.0，isl 版本 isl-0.21-GMP
26 
27 GGC 准则：--param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
28 Compiler executable checksum: 81412c83e0c3f5014cd5328f9bc3d624
29 COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-g' '-o' 'hello1' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
30  as -v --64 -o /tmp/cc58cN9y.o /tmp/cceOgteA.s
31 GNU assembler version 2.35.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils) 2.35.1
32 COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/
33 LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
34 COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-g' '-o' 'hello1' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
35  /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccaxp9Vy.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --build-id --eh-frame-hdr --hash-style=gnu -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -o hello1 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../.. /tmp/cc58cN9y.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/crtn.o
36 COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-g' '-o' 'hello1' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

 

　　搞定了。

 

 

 

 

 

相关文章