一、查询表注释 

Sqlserver查询所有表名及其描述

https://blog.csdn.net/yourng/article/details/80432463

select top 1000
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY a.name) AS No, 
a.name AS 表名,
CONVERT(NVARCHAR(100),isnull(g.[value],'-')) AS 说明
from
sys.tables a left join sys.extended_properties g
on (a.object_id = g.major_id AND g.minor_id = 0)

二、查询表的字段和字段注释 

Mssql 查询表和字段注释

https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_36415076/article/details/53192935

SELECT
　　A.name AS table_name,
　　B.name AS column_name,
　　C.value AS column_description
　　FROM sys.tables A
　　INNER JOIN sys.columns B ON B.object_id = A.object_id
　　LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties C ON C.major_id = B.object_id AND C.minor_id = B.column_id
　　WHERE A.name = '表名'

三、获取表字段和字段类型

select column_name name,data_type type 
from information_schema.columns 
where table_name = '表名'

schema是架构:可以存放表、视图、存储过程等 
主要是用于权限控制安全控制的
获取列信息information_schema.columns  系统视图