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java实现Excel数据导出详解编程语言

2023-06-13 09:11:47 时间

java实现Excel数据导出:

     目前,比较常用的实现Java导入、导出Excel的技术有两种Jakarta POI和Java Excel

Jakarta POI 是一套用于访问微软格式文档的Java API。Jakarta POI有很多组件组成,其中有用于操作Excel格式文件的HSSF和用于操作Word的HWPF,在各种组件中目前只有用于操作Excel的HSSF相对成熟。官方主页http://poi.apache.org/index.html,API文档http://poi.apache.org/apidocs/index.html

Jakarta POI HSSF API组件

HSSF(用于操作Excel的组件)提供给用户使用的对象在rg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel包中,主要部分包括Excel对象,样式和格式,还有辅助操作。有以下几种对象: 

java实现Excel数据导出详解编程语言

2.3 基本操作步骤

首先,理解一下一个Excel的文件的组织形式,一个Excel文件对应于一个workbook(HSSFWorkbook),一个workbook可以有多个sheet(HSSFSheet)组成,一个sheet是由多个row(HSSFRow)组成,一个row是由多个cell(HSSFCell)组成。

基本操作步骤:

java实现Excel数据导出详解编程语言

 下面来看一个动态生成Excel文件的例子:

 //创建HSSFWorkbook对象 

 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); 

 //创建HSSFSheet对象 

 HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("sheet0"); 

 //创建HSSFRow对象 

 HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0); 

 //创建HSSFCell对象 

 HSSFCell cell=row.createCell(0); 

 //设置单元格的值 

 cell.setCellValue("单元格中的中文"); 

 //输出Excel文件 

 FileOutputStream output=new FileOutputStream("d://workbook.xls"); 

 wkb.write(output); 

 output.flush();

      HSSF读取文件同样还是使用这几个对象,只是把相应的createXXX方法变成了getXXX方法即可。可见只要理解了其中原理,不管是读还是写亦或是特定格式都可以轻松实现,正所谓知其然更要知其所以然。

 2:导出Excel应用实例:

 !--导出文件-- 
 dependency 

 groupId org.apache.poi /groupId 

 artifactId poi /artifactId 

 version 3.17 /version 

 /dependency 

 dependency 

 groupId org.apache.poi /groupId 

 artifactId poi-ooxml /artifactId 

 version 3.17 /version 

 /dependency 

 dependency 

 groupId commons-io /groupId 

 artifactId commons-io /artifactId 

 version 2.4 /version 

 /dependency 

 3:导出表格的工具类:

excelUtil: 

package com.zhl.push.Utils; 

import com.google.common.base.Strings; 

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*; 

import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; 

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.VerticalAlignment; 

import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress; 

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 

import java.io.IOException; 

import java.io.OutputStream; 

import java.math.BigDecimal; 

import java.util.List; 

import java.util.Map; 

public class ExcelExportUtil { 

 //表头 

 private String title; 

 //各个列的表头 

 private String[] heardList; 

 //各个列的元素key值 

 private String[] heardKey; 

 //需要填充的数据信息 

 private List Map data; 

 //字体大小 

 private int fontSize = 14; 

 //行高 

 private int rowHeight = 30; 

 //列宽 

 private int columWidth = 200; 

 //工作表 

 private String sheetName = "sheet1"; 

 public String getTitle() { 

 return title; 

 public void setTitle(String title) { 

 this.title = title; 

 public String[] getHeardList() { 

 return heardList; 

 public void setHeardList(String[] heardList) { 

 this.heardList = heardList; 

 public String[] getHeardKey() { 

 return heardKey; 

 public void setHeardKey(String[] heardKey) { 

 this.heardKey = heardKey; 

 public List Map getData() { 

 return data; 

 public void setData(List Map data) { 

 this.data = data; 

 public int getFontSize() { 

 return fontSize; 

 public void setFontSize(int fontSize) { 

 this.fontSize = fontSize; 

 public int getRowHeight() { 

 return rowHeight; 

 public void setRowHeight(int rowHeight) { 

 this.rowHeight = rowHeight; 

 public int getColumWidth() { 

 return columWidth; 

 public void setColumWidth(int columWidth) { 

 this.columWidth = columWidth; 

 public String getSheetName() { 

 return sheetName; 

 public void setSheetName(String sheetName) { 

 this.sheetName = sheetName; 

 /** 

 * 开始导出数据信息 

 public byte[] exportExport(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { 

 //检查参数配置信息 

 checkConfig(); 

 //创建工作簿 

 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); 

 //创建工作表 

 HSSFSheet wbSheet = wb.createSheet(this.sheetName); 

 //设置默认行宽 

 wbSheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(20); 

 // 标题样式(加粗,垂直居中) 

 HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); 

 cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//水平居中 

 cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);//垂直居中 

 HSSFFont fontStyle = wb.createFont(); 

 fontStyle.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); 

 fontStyle.setBold(true); //加粗 

 fontStyle.setFontHeightInPoints((short)16); //设置标题字体大小 

 cellStyle.setFont(fontStyle); 

 //在第0行创建rows (表标题) 

 HSSFRow title = wbSheet.createRow((int) 0); 

 title.setHeightInPoints(30);//行高 

 HSSFCell cellValue = title.createCell(0); 

 cellValue.setCellValue(this.title); 

 cellValue.setCellStyle(cellStyle); 

 wbSheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0,0,0,(this.heardList.length-1))); 

 //设置表头样式,表头居中 

 HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); 

 //设置单元格样式 

 style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); 

 style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER); 

 //设置字体 

 HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); 

 font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) this.fontSize); 

 style.setFont(font); 

 //在第1行创建rows 

 HSSFRow row = wbSheet.createRow((int) 1); 

 //设置列头元素 

 HSSFCell cellHead = null; 

 for (int i = 0; i heardList.length; i++) { 

 cellHead = row.createCell(i); 

 cellHead.setCellValue(heardList[i]); 

 cellHead.setCellStyle(style); 

 //设置每格数据的样式 (字体红色) 

 HSSFCellStyle cellParamStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); 

 HSSFFont ParamFontStyle = wb.createFont(); 

 cellParamStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); 

 cellParamStyle.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER); 

 ParamFontStyle.setColor(HSSFColor.DARK_RED.index); //设置字体颜色 (红色) 

 ParamFontStyle.setFontHeightInPoints((short) this.fontSize); 

 cellParamStyle.setFont(ParamFontStyle); 

 //设置每格数据的样式2(字体蓝色) 

 HSSFCellStyle cellParamStyle2 = wb.createCellStyle(); 

 cellParamStyle2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); 

 cellParamStyle2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER); 

 HSSFFont ParamFontStyle2 = wb.createFont(); 

 ParamFontStyle2.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index); //设置字体颜色 (蓝色) 

 ParamFontStyle2.setFontHeightInPoints((short) this.fontSize); 

 cellParamStyle2.setFont(ParamFontStyle2); 

 //开始写入实体数据信息 

 int a = 2; 

 for (int i = 0; i data.size(); i++) { 

 HSSFRow roww = wbSheet.createRow((int) a); 

 Map map = data.get(i); 

 HSSFCell cell = null; 

 for (int j = 0; j heardKey.length; j++) { 

 cell = roww.createCell(j); 

 cell.setCellStyle(style); 

 Object valueObject = map.get(heardKey[j]); 

 String value = null; 

 if (valueObject == null) { 

 valueObject = ""; 

 if (valueObject instanceof String) { 

 //取出的数据是字符串直接赋值 

 value = (String) map.get(heardKey[j]); 

 } else if (valueObject instanceof Integer) { 

 //取出的数据是Integer 

 value = String.valueOf(((Integer) (valueObject)).floatValue()); 

 } else if (valueObject instanceof BigDecimal) { 

 //取出的数据是BigDecimal 

 value = String.valueOf(((BigDecimal) (valueObject)).floatValue()); 

 } else { 

 value = valueObject.toString(); 

 //设置单个单元格的字体颜色 

 if(heardKey[j].equals("ddNum") || heardKey[j].equals("sjNum")){ 

 if((Long)map.get("ddNum")!=null){ 

 if((Long)map.get("sjNum")==null){ 

 cell.setCellStyle(cellParamStyle); 

 } else if((Long) map.get("ddNum") != (Long) map.get("sjNum")){ 

 if ((Long) map.get("ddNum") (Long) map.get("sjNum")) { 

 cell.setCellStyle(cellParamStyle); 

 if ((Long) map.get("ddNum") (Long) map.get("sjNum")) { 

 cell.setCellStyle(cellParamStyle2); 

 }else { 

 cell.setCellStyle(style); 

 cell.setCellValue(Strings.isNullOrEmpty(value) ? "" : value); 

 a++; 

 //导出数据 

 try { 

 //设置Http响应头告诉浏览器下载这个附件 

 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;Filename=" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xls"); 

 OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream(); 

 wb.write(outputStream); 

 outputStream.close(); 

 return wb.getBytes(); 

 } catch (Exception ex) { 

 ex.printStackTrace(); 

 throw new IOException("导出Excel出现严重异常,异常信息:" + ex.getMessage()); 

 /** 

 * 检查数据配置问题 

 * @throws IOException 抛出数据异常类 

 protected void checkConfig() throws IOException { 

 if (heardKey == null || heardList.length == 0) { 

 throw new IOException("列名数组不能为空或者为NULL"); 

 if (fontSize 0 || rowHeight 0 || columWidth 0) { 

 throw new IOException("字体、宽度或者高度不能为负值"); 

 if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(sheetName)) { 

 throw new IOException("工作表表名不能为NULL"); 

}

 service :

 @Override 

 public void queryProjectInfoBySchemeId(HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request, 

 String schemeId, String pushDate) throws IOException { 

 List Map maps = pushMonitorDao.queryProjectInfoBySchemeId(schemeId, pushDate); 

 if(maps!=null maps.size() 0){ 

 String companyName = pushMonitorDao.queryCompanyNameBySchemeId(schemeId); 

 String sheetTitle = companyName; 

 String [] title = new String[]{"城市","项目名字","合同","实际"}; //设置表格表头字段 

 String [] properties = new String[]{"city","projectName","ddNum","sjNum"}; // 查询对应的字段 

 ExcelExportUtil excelExport2 = new ExcelExportUtil(); 

 excelExport2.setData(maps); 

 excelExport2.setHeardKey(properties); 

 excelExport2.setFontSize(14); 

 excelExport2.setSheetName(sheetTitle); 

 excelExport2.setTitle(sheetTitle); 

 excelExport2.setHeardList(title); 

 excelExport2.exportExport(request, response); 

 }

 由于上面的代码不够灵活,下面加以改进:

ExcelExportUtil:
package com.zhl.push.Utils; 

import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; 

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*; 

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 

import java.io.IOException; 

import java.io.OutputStream; 

import java.util.List; 

import java.util.Map; 

public class ExcelExportUtil { 

 //excel表对象 

 private Workbook workbook; 

 //工作表对象 

 private Sheet sheet; 

 //标题 

 private String title; 

 //sheet各个列的表头 

 private String[] headList; 

 //各个列的元素key值 

 private String[] headKey; 

 //sheet需要填充的数据信息 

 private List Map data; 

 //工作表名称 

// private String sheetName = "sheet1"; 

 //工作表列宽 

 private Integer columnWidth=20; 

 //工作表行高 

 private Integer rowHeight=10; 

 //字体大小 

 private int fontSize = 14; 

 public int getFontSize() { 

 return fontSize; 

 public void setFontSize(int fontSize) { 

 this.fontSize = fontSize; 

 public Integer getColumnWidth() { 

 return columnWidth; 

 public void setColumnWidth(Integer columnWidth) { 

 this.columnWidth = columnWidth; 

 public Integer getRowHeight() { 

 return rowHeight; 

 public void setRowHeight(Integer rowHeight) { 

 this.rowHeight = rowHeight; 

 public Workbook getWorkbook() { 

 return workbook; 

 public void setWorkbook(Workbook workbook) { 

 this.workbook = workbook; 

 public Sheet getSheet() { 

 return sheet; 

 public void setSheet(Sheet sheet) { 

 this.sheet = sheet; 

 public String[] getHeadKey() { 

 return headKey; 

 public void setHeadKey(String[] headKey) { 

 this.headKey = headKey; 

 public String getTitle() { 

 return title; 

 public void setTitle(String title) { 

 this.title = title; 

 public String[] getHeadList() { 

 return headList; 

 public void setHeadList(String[] headList) { 

 this.headList = headList; 

 public List Map getData() { 

 return data; 

 public void setData(List Map data) { 

 this.data = data; 

 /** 

 * @return * 

 * @Author 

 * @Description //TODO 插入数据到表格(body) 

 * @Date 2019/7/26 17:28 

 * @Param startRow: 开始插入数据的行 

 public void writeMainData(Integer startRow) throws IOException { 

 //设置每格数据的样式 (字体红色) 

 CellStyle fontRed = ExcelStyleUtilFor2003.getFontStyle(this.workbook, this.fontSize, HSSFColor.RED.index); 

 //设置每格数据的样式2(字体蓝色) 

 CellStyle fontBlue = ExcelStyleUtilFor2003.getFontStyle(this.workbook, this.fontSize, HSSFColor.BLUE.index); 

 //设置body样式 

 CellStyle bodyStyle = ExcelStyleUtilFor2003.getBodyStyle(this.workbook, this.fontSize); 

 //开始写入实体数据信息 

 if (data.size() 0 null != data.get(0)) { 

 for (int i = 0; i data.size(); i++) { 

 Row row = this.sheet.createRow(startRow); 

 Map map = data.get(i); 

 map.put("index",i); 

 map.put("des","无"); 

 for (int j = 0; j headKey.length; j++) { 

 Cell cell = row.createCell(j); 

 //设置单个单元格的字体颜色 

 if (headKey[j].equals("ddNum") || headKey[j].equals("sjNum")) { 

 if (null != map.get("ddNum") Integer.parseInt(map.get("ddNum").toString()) != 0) { 

 if (null == map.get("sjNum") || Integer.parseInt(map.get("sjNum").toString()) == 0) { 

 cell.setCellStyle(fontRed); 

 } else if (Integer.parseInt(map.get("ddNum").toString()) != Integer.parseInt(map.get("sjNum").toString())) { 

 if (Integer.parseInt((String) map.get("ddNum")) Integer.parseInt((String) map.get("sjNum"))) { 

 cell.setCellStyle(fontRed); 

 } else { 

 cell.setCellStyle(fontBlue); 

 } else { 

 cell.setCellStyle(bodyStyle); 

 } else { 

 if (Integer.parseInt(map.get("ddNum").toString()) Integer.parseInt(map.get("sjNum").toString())) { 

 cell.setCellStyle(fontBlue); 

 } else { 

 cell.setCellStyle(bodyStyle); 

 cell.setCellValue(Integer.parseInt(map.get(headKey[j]).toString())); 

 } else { 

 Object value = map.get(headKey[j]); 

 if (null == value) { 

 String valueN = ""; 

 cell.setCellValue(valueN); 

 } else if (value instanceof Integer) { 

 Integer valueInt = Integer.valueOf(value.toString()); 

 cell.setCellValue(valueInt); 

 } else if (value instanceof String) { 

 String valueStr = String.valueOf(value); 

 cell.setCellValue(valueStr); 

 startRow++; 


cell.setCellValue(this.title); CellStyle cellStyle = ExcelStyleUtilFor2003.getTitleStyle(this.workbook,true,16); cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); ExcelStyleUtilFor2003.mergeCell(sheet,0,0,0, (this.headList.length - 1));
public void writeTableHead(String[] head, CellStyle cellStyle,Integer headRowNum) { Row row = this.sheet.createRow(headRowNum); if (head.length 0) { for (int i = 0; i head.length; i++) { Cell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellValue(head[i]); cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
protected void checkConfig() throws IOException { if (headKey == null || headList.length == 0) { throw new IOException("列名数组不能为空或者为NULL"); if (fontSize 0) { throw new IOException("字体不能为负值"); /** * @Author * @Description //TODO 写入拼接好的数据,不需要通过表头key值来对应 * @Date 2019/7/27 11:01 * @Param * @return * @param null public void writeMainData(List List String datas,Integer startRow){ if(datas.size() 0){ for(List String data : datas){ Row row = this.sheet.createRow(startRow); for(int i =0; i data.size(); i++){ Cell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellValue(data.get(i)); CellStyle cellStyle = ExcelStyleUtilFor2003.setCellBorder(this.workbook); cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); startRow++; public static void setResponseInfo(HttpServletResponse response, Workbook wb) throws IOException { //导出数据 try { //设置Http响应头告诉浏览器下载这个附件 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;Filename=" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xls"); OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream(); wb.write(outputStream); outputStream.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); throw new IOException("导出Excel出现严重异常,异常信息:" + ex.getMessage()); }

我们把样式单独提取成一个工具类:

package com.zhl.push.Utils; 

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; 

import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; 

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*; 

import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress; 

 * @Author 

 * @ClassName ExcelStyleUtilFor2003 

 * @Description TODO 

 * @Date 2019/7/26 14:16 

 * @Version 1.0 

public class ExcelStyleUtilFor2003 { 


public static void center(CellStyle cellStyle) { cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);//水平居中 cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);//垂直居中 /** * @return * @param null * @Author * @Description //TODO 单元格合并 * @Date 2019/7/26 14:54 * @Param wbSheet :工作表对象 * firstRow :合并的开始行 * lastRow:合并的结束行 * firstCol: 合并的开始列 * lastColL: 合并的结束列 public static void mergeCell(Sheet wbSheet, int firstRow, int lastRow, int firstCol, int lastCol) { wbSheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(firstRow, lastRow, firstCol, lastCol));
public static CellStyle getTitleStyle(Workbook wb, Boolean isBold, int FontISize) { // 标题样式(加粗,垂直居中) CellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); center(cellStyle); Font font = wb.createFont(); font.setBold(isBold); //加粗 font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) FontISize); //设置标题字体大小 cellStyle.setFont(font); return cellStyle; /** * @return * * @Author * @Description //TODO 表头样式 * @Date 2019/7/26 14:30 * @Param public static CellStyle getHeadStyle(Workbook wb, int fontSize) { CellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);//设置表头的背景颜色 cellStyle.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND); cellStyle.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index); //设置表头的背景颜色 center(cellStyle); //设置字体 Font font = setFont(wb, fontSize); cellStyle.setFont(font); return cellStyle; /** * @return * @param null * @Author * @Description //TODO body通用样式: 居中,设置字体大小 * @Date 2019/7/26 15:11 * @Param public static CellStyle getBodyStyle(Workbook wb, int fontSize) { CellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); //设置单元格样式 center(cellStyle); Font font = setFont(wb, fontSize); cellStyle.setFont(font); return cellStyle; /** * @return * @param null * @Author * @Description //TODO 设置单元格字体居中、并设置字体颜色 * @Date 2019/7/26 15:26 * @Param public static CellStyle getFontStyle(Workbook wb, int fontSize, short color) { CellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); Font font = setFont(wb, fontSize, color); center(cellStyle); cellStyle.setFont(font); return cellStyle;
public static CellStyle setCellBorder(Workbook workbook){ CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle(); //设置了边框属性 cellStyle.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN); //下边框 cellStyle.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);//左边框 cellStyle.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);//上边框 cellStyle.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);//右边框 //设置边框颜色黑色 cellStyle.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index); cellStyle.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index); return cellStyle; }

原创文章,作者:Maggie-Hunter,如若转载,请注明出处:https://blog.ytso.com/17059.html

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