Oracle 视图 DBA_USERS 官方解释，作用，如何使用详细说明

(用户表)

Oracle中使用dba_users视图来检索用户信息。可检索系统用户（SystemUser）、外部用户（ExternalUser）、和内部用户（CommonUser）的所有信息。这些信息包括位置（Default Tablespace），默认表里（TemporaryTablespace），上次登录时间（Last_login），被锁定（Is Locked），被限制（Is Restricted）等信息。

使用dba_users视图时，可以根据用户的相关信息进行查询：

SQL：

SELECT * FROM dba_users WHERE username = SCOTT

这将检索要查询的用户（Scott）的所有相关信息。

此外，可使用dba_users视图来检索所有用户的信息：

SELECT * FROM dba_users;

该查询将检索系统中所有用户的相关信息。

官方英文解释

DBA_USERS describes all users of the database.

Related View

USER_USERS describes the current user. This view does not display the PASSWORD, PROFILE, PASSWORD_VERSIONS, EDITIONS_ENABLED, AUTHENTICATION_TYPE, and LAST_LOGIN columns.

EXPIRED

The password for the account is expired, either because the PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME limit was reached or because the password was expired by the ALTER USER PASSWORD EXPIRE command. The user can log in with the expired password, then change the password.

EXPIRED(GRACE)

The password for the account is expired because the PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME limit was reached, but the password change grace period (PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME) has not yet elapsed. The user can log in with the expired password, but will receive an ORA-28002 warning as a reminder that the password must soon be changed. If the PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME elapses, the user can log in with the expired password, then change the password.

LOCKED

The account is locked, either by the ALTER USER ACCOUNT LOCK command, or because the number of consecutive failed login attempts exceeded the FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS limit and the value of PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME is UNLIMITED. The account can be unlocked by the ALTER USER ACCOUNT UNLOCK command.

LOCKED(TIMED)

The account is locked because the number of consecutive failed login attempts exceeded the FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS limit and the PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME has not yet elapsed. The account can be unlocked either by the ALTER USER ACCOUNT UNLOCK command or by waiting until the PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME has elapsed.

EXPIRED LOCKED

The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED account status.

EXPIRED(GRACE) LOCKED

The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status.

EXPIRED LOCKED(TIMED)

The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED account status.

EXPIRED(GRACE) LOCKED(TIMED)

The password for the account is expired, as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can first be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, then the password can be changed as described for the EXPIRED(GRACE) account status.

OPEN IN ROLLOVER

The account is in the password rollover period. The user can log in with either the earlier password or the new password. However, at the time the user logs in, the server recalculates whether the account is still in its password rollover period. If the password rollover period has elapsed, then the login will succeed only if the new password was specified, and the account status will change to OPEN.

EXPIRED IN ROLLOVER

The account is in the password rollover period and the password is expired as described for the EXPIRED account status. The user can log in with either the earlier password or the new password. However, at the time the user logs in, the server recalculates whether the account is still in its password rollover period. If the password rollover period has elapsed, then the login will succeed only if the new password was specified, and the account status will change to EXPIRED. After logging in, the user will be prompted to change the password.

LOCKED IN ROLLOVER

The account is in the password rollover period and is also locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, after which the user can log in as described for the OPEN IN ROLLOVER account status.

EXPIRED LOCKED IN ROLLOVER

The account is in the password rollover period, its password is expired as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED account status, after which the user can log in as described for the EXPIRED IN ROLLOVER account status.

LOCKED(TIMED) IN ROLLOVER

The account is in the password rollover period and is also locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, after which the user can log in with either the earlier password or the new password. However, at the time the user logs in, the server recalculates whether the account is still in its password rollover period. If the password rollover period has elapsed, then the login will succeed only if the new password was specified.

EXPIRED LOCKED(TIMED) IN ROL

The account is in the password rollover period, its password is expired as described for the EXPIRED account status, and the account is locked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status. The account can be unlocked as described for the LOCKED(TIMED) account status, after which the user can log in as described for the EXPIRED IN ROLLOVER account status.

Name of the default tablespace for temporary tables or the name of a tablespace group

User external name. For centrally managed users, if the database user mapping is an exclusive mapping, then this will be the directory service DN for the user. If this database user is a shared schema, it will be the DN of a group.

Shows the list of versions of the password hashes (also known as verifiers ) existing for the account.

The values for this column can include:

Note that any combination of these verifiers can exist for any given account.

Indicates whether editions have been enabled for the corresponding user (Y) or not (N)

Indicates whether a user can connect directly (N) or whether the account can only be proxied (Y) by users who have proxy privileges for this account (that is, by users who have been granted the connect through privilege for this account).

For more information about creating proxy user accounts and authorizing users to connect through them, see Oracle Database Security
Guide.

The time of the last user login

This column is not populated when a user connects to the database with administrative privileges, that is, AS { SYSASM | SYSBACKUP | SYSDBA | SYSDG | SYSOPER | SYSRAC | SYSKM }.

Denotes whether the user was created, and is maintained, by Oracle-supplied scripts (such as catalog.sql or catproc.sql). A user for which this column has the value Y must not be changed in any way except by running an Oracle-supplied script.

Indicates whether the user definition was inherited from another container (YES) or not (NO)

Indicates whether this user is a common user created by an implicit application (YES) or not (NO)

In a sharded database, the value in this column indicates whether the user was created with shard DDL enabled. The possible values are:

YES: The user was created with shard DDL enabled. The user exists on all shards and the shard catalog.

NO: The user was created without shard DDL enabled. The user exists only in the database in which the user was created.

In a federated sharded database, the value in this column indicates whether the user is an external shard user (YES) or not (NO).

In other types of databases, the value in this column is always NO.

Date on which the user s password was last set

This column is populated only when the value of the AUTHENTICATION_TYPE column is PASSWORD. Otherwise, this column is null.

If the value in this column is YES, then the user account password violates the mandatory profile password complexity requirements and must be changed before the grace period expires.

Otherwise, the value in this column is NO.

Oracle Database Security
Guide for information about creating schema only accounts where the schema user has no password

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数据库远程运维 Oracle 视图 DBA_USERS 官方解释，作用，如何使用详细说明