批处理模式下运行 top 命令的方法

top 命令 是每个人都在使用的用于 监控 Linux 系统性能 的最好的命令。你可能已经知道 top 命令的绝大部分操作，除了很少的几个操作，如果我没错的话，批处理模式就是其中之一。

大部分的脚本编写者和开发人员都知道这个，因为这个操作主要就是用来编写脚本。

如果你不了解这个，不用担心，我们将在这里介绍它。

什么是 top 命令的批处理模式

批处理模式允许你将 top 命令的输出发送至其他程序或者文件中。

在这个模式中，top 命令将不会接收输入并且持续运行，直到迭代次数达到你用 -n 选项指定的次数为止。

如果你想解决 Linux 服务器上的任何性能问题，你需要正确的 理解 top 命令的输出。

1) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令

默认地，top 命令按照 CPU 的使用率来排序输出结果，所以当你在批处理模式中运行以下命令时，它会执行同样的操作并打印前 35 行：

# top -bc | head -35
top 06:41:14 up 8 days, 20:24, 1 user, load average: 0.87, 0.77, 0.81
Tasks: 139 total, 1 running, 136 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1595932 free, 886736 used, 1398272 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2648472 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.63 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd switched-root system deserialize 22
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 [kthreadd]
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:28.10 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H]
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:33.96 [migration/0]
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [rcu_bh]
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 63:05.12 [rcu_sched]
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [lru-add-drain]
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.79 [watchdog/0]
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.82 [watchdog/1]
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:44.27 [migration/1]
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.45 [ksoftirqd/1]
16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H]
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs]
19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [netns]
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.35 [khungtaskd]
21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 [writeback]
22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kintegrityd]
23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset]
24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kblockd]
25 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [md]
26 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [edac-poller]
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0]
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [ksmd]
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:12.80 [khugepaged]
36 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [crypto]
44 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kthrotld]
46 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kmpath_rdacd]

2) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按内存使用率排序结果

在批处理模式中运行以下命令按内存使用率对结果进行排序：

# top -bc -o +%MEM | head -n 20
top 06:42:00 up 8 days, 20:25, 1 user, load average: 0.66, 0.74, 0.80
Tasks: 146 total, 1 running, 145 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1422044 free, 1059176 used, 1399720 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2475984 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 156096 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:12.98 /usr/sbin/mysqld daemonize pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
1841 root 20 0 228980 107036 5360 S 0.0 2.8 0:05.56 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/perl/528/bin/perl -T -w /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/spamd max-children=3 max-spare=1 allowed-ips=127.0.0.+
4301 root 20 0 230208 104608 1816 S 0.0 2.7 0:03.77 spamd child
8139 nobody 20 0 257000 27108 3408 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
7961 nobody 20 0 256988 26912 3160 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8190 nobody 20 0 256976 26812 3140 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8353 nobody 20 0 256976 26812 3144 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8629 nobody 20 0 256856 26736 3108 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.02 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8636 nobody 20 0 256856 26712 3100 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8611 nobody 20 0 256844 25764 2228 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8451 nobody 20 0 256844 25760 2220 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8610 nobody 20 0 256844 25748 2224 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
8632 nobody 20 0 256844 25744 2216 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start

上面命令的详细信息：

-b：批处理模式选项

-c：打印运行中的进程的绝对路径

-o：指定进行排序的字段

head：输出文件的第一部分

-n：打印前 n 行

3) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照指定的用户进程对结果进行排序

如果你想要按照指定用户进程对结果进行排序请运行以下命令：

# top -bc -u mysql | head -n 10
top 06:44:58 up 8 days, 20:27, 1 user, load average: 0.99, 0.87, 0.84
Tasks: 140 total, 1 running, 137 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie
%Cpu(s): 13.3 us, 3.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 83.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1589832 free, 885648 used, 1405460 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2649412 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 156888 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:16.42 /usr/sbin/mysqld daemonize pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

4) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照处理时间进行排序

在批处理模式中使用以下 top 命令按照处理时间对结果进行排序。这展示了任务从启动以来已使用的总 CPU 时间。

但是如果你想要检查一个进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间请看接下来的文章：

检查 Linux 中进程运行时间的五种方法

# top -bc -o TIME+ | head -n 20
top 06:45:56 up 8 days, 20:28, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.77, 0.81
Tasks: 148 total, 1 running, 146 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1378664 free, 1094876 used, 1407400 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2440332 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 63:05.70 [rcu_sched]
272 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 16:12.13 [xfsaild/vda1]
3882 root 20 0 229832 6212 1220 S 0.0 0.2 9:00.84 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.75 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd switched-root system deserialize 22
3761 root 20 0 68784 9820 2048 S 0.0 0.3 5:09.67 tailwatchd
3529 root 20 0 404380 3472 2604 S 0.0 0.1 3:24.98 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
3520 root 20 0 574208 572 164 S 0.0 0.0 3:07.74 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
444 dbus 20 0 58444 1144 612 S 0.0 0.0 2:23.90 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon system address=systemd: nofork nopidfile systemd-activation
18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 157152 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:17.29 /usr/sbin/mysqld daemonize pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
249 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:28.83 [kworker/0:1H]
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1]
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0]
342 root 20 0 39472 2940 2752 S 0.0 0.1 1:18.17 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald

5) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并将结果保存到文件中

如果出于解决问题的目的，你想要和别人分享 top 命令的输出，请使用以下命令重定向输出到文件中：

# top -bc | head -35 top-report.txt
# cat top-report.txt
top 06:47:11 up 8 days, 20:30, 1 user, load average: 0.67, 0.77, 0.81
Tasks: 133 total, 4 running, 129 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 59.4 us, 12.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 28.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1596268 free, 843284 used, 1441388 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2659084 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
9686 daygeekc 20 0 406132 62184 43448 R 94.1 1.6 0:00.34 /opt/cpanel/ea-php56/root/usr/bin/php-cgi
9689 nobody 20 0 256588 24428 1184 S 5.9 0.6 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.79 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd switched-root system deserialize 22
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 [kthreadd]
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:28.11 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H]
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:33.96 [migration/0]
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [rcu_bh]
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.0 0.0 63:05.82 [rcu_sched]
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [lru-add-drain]
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.79 [watchdog/0]
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.82 [watchdog/1]
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:44.28 [migration/1]
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1]
16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H]
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs]
19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [netns]
20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.35 [khungtaskd]
21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 [writeback]
22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kintegrityd]
23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset]
24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kblockd]
25 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [md]
26 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [edac-poller]
33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0]
34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [ksmd]
35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:12.80 [khugepaged]
36 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [crypto]

如何按照指定字段对结果进行排序

在 top 命令的最新版本中， 按下 f 键进入字段管理界面。

要使用新字段进行排序， 请使用 up/down 箭头选择正确的选项，然后再按下 s 键进行排序。最后按 q 键退出此窗口。

Fields Management for window 1:Def, whose current sort field is %CPU
Navigate with Up/Dn, Right selects for move then or Left commits,
d or toggles display, s sets sort. Use q or to end!
PID = Process Id nsUTS = UTS namespace Inode
USER = Effective User Name LXC = LXC container name
PR = Priority RSan = RES Anonymous (KiB)
NI = Nice Value RSfd = RES File-based (KiB)
VIRT = Virtual Image (KiB) RSlk = RES Locked (KiB)
RES = Resident Size (KiB) RSsh = RES Shared (KiB)
SHR = Shared Memory (KiB) CGNAME = Control Group name
S = Process Status NU = Last Used NUMA node
%CPU = CPU Usage
%MEM = Memory Usage (RES)
TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths
COMMAND = Command Name/Line
PPID = Parent Process pid
UID = Effective User Id
RUID = Real User Id
RUSER = Real User Name
SUID = Saved User Id
SUSER = Saved User Name
GID = Group Id
GROUP = Group Name
PGRP = Process Group Id
TTY = Controlling Tty
TPGID = Tty Process Grp Id
SID = Session Id
nTH = Number of Threads
P = Last Used Cpu (SMP)
TIME = CPU Time
SWAP = Swapped Size (KiB)
CODE = Code Size (KiB)
DATA = Data+Stack (KiB)
nMaj = Major Page Faults
nMin = Minor Page Faults
nDRT = Dirty Pages Count
WCHAN = Sleeping in Function
Flags = Task Flags
CGROUPS = Control Groups
SUPGIDS = Supp Groups IDs
SUPGRPS = Supp Groups Names
TGID = Thread Group Id
OOMa = OOMEM Adjustment
OOMs = OOMEM Score current
ENVIRON = Environment vars
vMj = Major Faults delta
vMn = Minor Faults delta
USED = Res+Swap Size (KiB)
nsIPC = IPC namespace Inode
nsMNT = MNT namespace Inode
nsNET = NET namespace Inode
nsPID = PID namespace Inode
nsUSER = USER namespace Inode

对 top 命令的旧版本，请按 shift+f 或 shift+o 键进入字段管理界面进行排序。

要使用新字段进行排序，请选择相应的排序字段字母， 然后按下回车键排序。

Current Sort Field: N for window 1:Def
Select sort field via field letter, type any other key to return
a: PID = Process Id
b: PPID = Parent Process Pid
c: RUSER = Real user name
d: UID = User Id
e: USER = User Name
f: GROUP = Group Name
g: TTY = Controlling Tty
h: PR = Priority
i: NI = Nice value
j: P = Last used cpu (SMP)
k: %CPU = CPU usage
l: TIME = CPU Time
m: TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths
* N: %MEM = Memory usage (RES)
o: VIRT = Virtual Image (kb)
p: SWAP = Swapped size (kb)
q: RES = Resident size (kb)
r: CODE = Code size (kb)
s: DATA = Data+Stack size (kb)
t: SHR = Shared Mem size (kb)
u: nFLT = Page Fault count
v: nDRT = Dirty Pages count
w: S = Process Status
x: COMMAND = Command name/line
y: WCHAN = Sleeping in Function
z: Flags = Task Flags
Note1:
If a selected sort field can t be
shown due to screen width or your
field order, the and keys
will be unavailable until a field
within viewable range is chosen.
Note2:
Field sorting uses internal values,
not those in column display. Thus,
the TTY WCHAN fields will violate
strict ASCII collating sequence.
(shame on you if WCHAN is chosen)

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的批处理模式下运行 top 命令的方法,大家如有疑问可以留言，或者联系站长。感谢亲们支持！！！
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