centos6超大磁盘的如何分区格式化

近期项目有个服务从虚拟机迁移到物理机，服务磁盘用户自己做了raid为3.8TB 2块磁盘配置 Raid1然后又3.8TB 6块磁盘配置了Raid5，安装操作系统使用的sda 3.8TB空间的raid1已分区。3.8TB*6的磁盘sdb共20TB的空间需要分区，并挂载给系统做存储使用。步骤如下:

1.1查询确认sdb状态：

# fdisk -l

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on "/dev/sda"! The util fdisk doesn"t support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/sda: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on "/dev/sdb"! The util fdisk doesn"t support GPT. Use GNU Parted

Disk /dev/sdb: 20001.1 GB, 20001125826560 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2431665 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00: 2531.7 GB, 2531690283008 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 307793 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01: 1468.0 GB, 1468006400000 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 178474 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

1.2、sdb磁盘分区：

# parted /dev/sdb

GNU Parted 2.1

使用 /dev/sdb

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type "help" to view a list of commands. 

(parted) print #查看当前分区 

Model: LSI MRSASRoMB-8i (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0TB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B

Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name 标志

(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100% #将磁盘所有空间分为一个区 

(parted) print #再次查询磁盘分区 

Model: LSI MRSASRoMB-8i (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0TB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B

Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name 标志

 1 1049kB 20.0TB 20.0TB primary 

(parted) quit 

信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

1.3、正确格式化的方法：

a、使用mkfs命令（如下）格式化是无法格式化的，检查为mkfs.ext4无法格式化16TB以上的分区，原因为Centos6.10 e2fsprogs版本为1.41.12，需升级为1.42版本

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 #无法如此格式化

b、升级e2fsprogs版本：

tar zvxf e2fsprogs-1.42.10.tar.gz 

cd e2fsprogs-1.42.10

mkdir build

cd build/

../configure 

make install ##如有“忽略”错误正常。

c、查询需要分区的扇区大小

# df -h

Disk /dev/sdb: 20001.1 GB, 20001125826560 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2431665 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

d、对磁盘重新格式化命令如下：

# mke2fs -O 64bit,has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize -i 267350 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)

Warning: the fs_type huge is not defined in mke2fs.conf

Creating filesystem with 4883086848 4k blocks and 76298240 inodes

Filesystem UUID: 74dabc93-177b-4531-aab9-e55a1e2efe9d

Superblock backups stored on blocks: 

 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 

 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 

 102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632, 

 2560000000, 3855122432

Allocating group tables: 完成 

正在写入inode表: 完成 

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or ##提示180天问题

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

e、解决180天问题

# tune2fs -i 3650d /dev/sdb1

tune2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)

Setting interval between checks to 315360000 seconds

#确认时间正确

# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1

tune2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)

Filesystem volume name: none 

Last mounted on: not available 

Filesystem UUID: 74dabc93-177b-4531-aab9-e55a1e2efe9d

Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53

Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)

Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize

Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash 

Default mount options: user_xattr acl

Filesystem state: clean

Errors behavior: Continue

Filesystem OS type: Linux

Inode count: 76298240

Block count: 4883086848

Reserved block count: 244154342

Free blocks: 4877929145

Free inodes: 76298229

First block: 0

Block size: 4096

Fragment size: 4096

Group descriptor size: 64

Blocks per group: 32768

Fragments per group: 32768

Inodes per group: 512

Inode blocks per group: 32

Flex block group size: 16

Filesystem created: Fri Jun 5 17:08:54 2020

Last mount time: Fri Jun 5 17:14:34 2020

Last write time: Fri Jun 5 17:15:58 2020

Mount count: 1

Maximum mount count: 34

Last checked: Fri Jun 5 17:08:54 2020 ##开始时间

Check interval: 315360000 (121 months, 2 weeks, 6 days)

Next check after: Mon Jun 3 17:08:54 2030 ##最终时间

Lifetime writes: 349 MB

Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)

Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)

First inode: 11

Inode size: 256

Required extra isize: 28

Desired extra isize: 28

Journal inode: 8

Default directory hash: half_md4

Directory Hash Seed: 0f4e7ee0-4aec-41cf-b81a-7d5a4ed045c4

Journal backup: inode blocks

1.4、挂载磁盘：

a、挂载磁盘

# cd /

# mkdir data

# mount /dev/sdb1 /data

# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00

 ext4 2.3T 12G 2.2T 1% /

tmpfs tmpfs 32G 144K 32G 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 ext4 477M 41M 412M 9% /boot

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01

 ext4 1.4T 70M 1.3T 1% /home

/dev/sdb1 ext4 19T 20K 18T 1% /data

b、设置开机挂载

在文件尾部增加一行如下内容，需注意实际的文件路径。

vim /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0

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