python3_函数

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

print("function practice-------------")
print(abs(100),abs(-100),abs(12.34))
print(max(1,2,3,-2,3))
print(max(range(9)))
a=abs
print(a(-9))
n1=255
print(str(hex(n1)))

print("define function-------------")
def my_abs(x):
    if x>=0:
        return x
    else:
        return -x
print(my_abs(-99))
#from abstest import my_abs
# abstest : filename
# my_abs : function name

print("pass-------------")
def nop():
    pass

age=22
if age >=18:
    pass
#pass nothing to do

print("type checking-------------")
def my_abs2(x):
    if not isinstance(x,(int,float)):
        raise TypeError("bad operand type")
    if x>=0:
        return x
    else:
        return -x

print("return serveral ele-------------")
import math
def move(x,y,step,angle=0):
    nx=x+step*math.cos(angle)
    ny=y-step*math.sin(angle)
    return nx,ny

x,y=move(100,100,60,math.pi/6)
#其实这里的返回值是一个tuple
print(x,y)

print("practice-------------")
import math
def quadratic(a,b,c):
    x1=(-b+math.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a)
    x2=(-b-math.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a)
    return x1,x2
#test
print('quadratic(2, 3, 1) =', quadratic(2, 3, 1))
print('quadratic(1, 3, -4) =', quadratic(1, 3, -4))

if quadratic(2, 3, 1) != (-0.5, -1.0):
    print('测试失败')
elif quadratic(1, 3, -4) != (1.0, -4.0):
    print('测试失败')
else:
    print('测试成功')


print("可变参数-------------")
def calc(*numbers):
    sum=0
    for n in numbers:
        sum = sum + n * n
    return sum
#numbers前加*表示将参数作为可变参数传入
nums=[1,2,3]
print(calc(1,2,3,4)) #可变个参数传入
print(calc(*nums)) #将nums作为可变参数传入

print("关键字参数-------------")
def person(name,age,**kw):
    print("name:",name," age:",age," others:",kw)
# kw前加**表示这是个关键字参数，也就是键值对，它的长度可以是0-任意个
person("bob",33)
person("john",33,city="beijing")
extra={"cith":"beijing","job":"engineer"}
person("daming",33,**extra)

print("命名关键字参数-------------")
#关键字参数，调用者可以传入任意关键字参数，但有时候希望限定关键字的名字
def person2(name,age,*,city,job):
    print(name,age,city,job);
person2("jack",24,city="beijing",job="engineer")

print("参数组合-------------")
'''
def f1(a, b, c=0, *args, **kw):
    print('a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'args =', args, 'kw =', kw)

def f2(a, b, c=0, *, d, **kw):
print('a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'd =', d, 'kw =', kw)
在函数调用的时候，Python解释器自动按照参数位置和参数名把对应的参数传进去。
>>> f1(1, 2)
a = 1 b = 2 c = 0 args = () kw = {}
>>> f1(1, 2, c=3)
a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 args = () kw = {}
>>> f1(1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b')
a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 args = ('a', 'b') kw = {}
>>> f1(1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', x=99)
a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 args = ('a', 'b') kw = {'x': 99}
>>> f2(1, 2, d=99, ext=None)
a = 1 b = 2 c = 0 d = 99 kw = {'ext': None}
最神奇的是通过一个tuple和dict，你也可以调用上述函数：
>>> args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
>>> kw = {'d': 99, 'x': '#'}
>>> f1(*args, **kw)
a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 args = (4,) kw = {'d': 99, 'x': '#'}
>>> args = (1, 2, 3)
>>> kw = {'d': 88, 'x': '#'}
>>> f2(*args, **kw)
a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 d = 88 kw = {'x': '#'}
所以，对于任意函数，都可以通过类似func(*args, **kw)的形式调用它，无论它的参数是如何定义的。
'''

print("汉诺塔递归-------------")
#将a上的n个盘子，借助b放到c上
def hannuota(n,a,b,c):
    if n==1:
        print(a," --> ",c)
    else:
        hannuota(n-1,a,c,b)
        print(a," --> ",c)
        hannuota(n-1,b,a,c)
hannuota(3,"A","B","C")