Python 对linux系统操作

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os

<span class="hljs-comment"># 操作系统的类型</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># nt     windows</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># posix  Linux、Unix</span>
print(os.name)
<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取操作系统的信息，linux、Unix下使用</span>
print(os.uname())
<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取系统中的环境变量</span>
print(os.environ)
<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取指定环境变量的值</span>
print(os.environ.get(<span class="hljs-string">"PATH"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 返回当前的目录</span>
print(os.curdir)

<span class="hljs-comment"># 返回当前工作目录的绝对路径</span>
print(os.getcwd())

<span class="hljs-comment"># 返回指定目录下的所有文件和目录</span>
print(os.listdir(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 创建指定目录，注意目录已经存在时会报错，目录路径中存在不存在的层级时报错</span>
os.mkdir(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>)
os.mkdir(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file\a\b"</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># 删除目录，注意目录不存在则报错</span>
os.rmdir(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># 重命名</span>
os.rename(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\file1.txt"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\file2.txt"</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取文件属性</span>
print(os.stat(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\file2.txt"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 删除普通文件</span>
os.remove(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\file2.txt"</span>)

<span class="hljs-comment"># 运行shell命令</span>
os.system(<span class="hljs-string">"notepad"</span>)
os.system(<span class="hljs-string">"shutdown -s -t 10"</span>)
os.system(<span class="hljs-string">"shutdown -a"</span>)

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os

<span class="hljs-comment"># 返回指定路径的绝对路径</span>
print(os.path.abspath(<span class="hljs-string">"."</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 拼接路径（不论是否存在）</span>
print(os.path.join(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"a.txt"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 拆分路径（不论是否存在）</span>
print(os.path.split(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>))
print(os.path.split(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file\sunck.txt"</span>))
<span class="hljs-comment"># 以路径第一个'/'为分隔，分隔驱动器名与路径</span>
print(os.path.splitdrive(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>))
print(os.path.splitdrive(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file\sunck.txt"</span>))
<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取文件的扩展名（不论是否存在）</span>
print(os.path.splitext(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>))
print(os.path.splitext(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file\sunck.txt"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取目录名（不论是否存在）</span>
print(os.path.basename(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>))
<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取文件名（不论是否存在）</span>
print(os.path.basename(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file\sunck.txt"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 获取属性</span>
print(os.path.getsize(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\test.py"</span>))
print(os.path.getctime(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\test.py"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 判断是否是目录</span>
print(os.path.isdir(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code"</span>))
print(os.path.isdir(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>))
print(os.path.isdir(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\test.py"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 判断是否是文件</span>
print(os.path.isfile(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\test.py"</span>))
print(os.path.isfile(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\1.txt"</span>))
print(os.path.isfile(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 判断目录和文件是否存在</span>
print(os.path.exists(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\test.py"</span>))
print(os.path.exists(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code\2.py"</span>))
print(os.path.exists(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code"</span>))
print(os.path.exists(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>))

<span class="hljs-comment"># 判断是否是绝对路径（不论是否存在）</span>
print(os.path.isabs(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\code"</span>))
print(os.path.isabs(<span class="hljs-string">r"C:\Users\sunck\Desktop\file"</span>))
print(os.path.isabs(<span class="hljs-string">r".\code"</span>))