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快速入门Python机器学习(29)

2023-06-13 09:11:03 时间

1.5 DBSCAN

1.5.1原理

DBSCAN(Density-based spatial clustering of application with nose):基于密度的有噪音应用空间聚类。

密度大的地方是一类,密度小的地方是分界线。不需要事先指明簇的个数。

流程

while(存在没有被访问过的点) :
    选择任意一个点
    for (遍历该点<eps的所有点) :<="" span="">
        if(点的个数<= min_sample):
            标记为噪音(noise),这个点不属于任何簇
        else:
            这个点标记为核心样本(核心点),分配一个簇标签
        for (该点在距离eps内的邻居) &&(邻居存在核心样本):
            if (没有分配一个簇):
                将刚才创建的簇分配给它
            elif(核心样本) :
                依次访问它的邻居

名词

  • 核心点
  • 核心点距离eps内的点(边界点)
  • 噪音

1.5.2类参数、属性和方法

class sklearn.cluster.DBSCAN(eps=0.5, *, min_samples=5, metric='euclidean', metric_params=None, algorithm='auto', leaf_size=30, p=None, n_jobs=None)

属性

属性

类别

介绍

core_sample_indices_

ndarray of shape (n_core_samples,)

核心样本的指数

components_

ndarray of shape (n_core_samples, n_features)

通过培训找到的每个核心样本的副本

labels_

ndarray of shape (n_samples)

将数据集中每个点的标签进行聚类以fit()。噪声样本的标签为-1

方法

fit(X[, y, sample_weight])

根据特征或距离矩阵执行DBSCAN聚类。

fit_predict(X[, y, sample_weight])

从要素或距离矩阵执行DBSCAN聚类,并返回聚类标签。

get_params([deep])

获取此估计器的参数。

set_params(**params)

设置此估计器的参数。

1.5.3对make_blobs数据进行DBSCAN算法分析

def dbscan_for_blobs():
        myutil = util()
        epss=[0.5,2,0.5]
        min_sampless=[5,5,20]
        for (eps,min_samples) in zip(epss,min_sampless):
                db = DBSCAN(eps=eps,min_samples=min_samples)
                blobs = make_blobs(random_state=1,centers=1)
                X = blobs[0]
                clusters = db.fit_predict(X)
                title = "eps="+str(eps)+",min_samples="+str(min_samples)
                myutil.draw_scatter_for_Clustering(X,"",clusters,title,"DBSN")

eps指定划分为一簇样本的距离有多远,越大,聚类覆盖面越大(默认0.5)。eps加大,簇变大。

min_sample聚类核心点的个数, min_sample越大,核心点个数越小,噪音也就越大; min_sample越小,核心点个数越多,噪音也就越少。默认min_sample=2

min_samples越大,核心点个数越小,噪音也就越大

    #绘制不同eps,min_sample下的DBSCAN分布
    mglearn.plots.plot_dbscan()
    plt.show(

)

输出

min_samples: 2 eps: 1.000000  cluster: [-1  0  0 -1  0 -1  1  1  0  1 -1 -1]
min_samples: 2 eps: 1.500000  cluster: [0 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 2 0]
min_samples: 2 eps: 2.000000  cluster: [0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
min_samples: 2 eps: 3.000000  cluster: [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
min_samples: 3 eps: 1.000000  cluster: [-1  0  0 -1  0 -1  1  1  0  1 -1 -1]
min_samples: 3 eps: 1.500000  cluster: [0 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 2 0]
min_samples: 3 eps: 2.000000  cluster: [0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
min_samples: 3 eps: 3.000000  cluster: [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
min_samples: 5 eps: 1.000000  cluster: [-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1]
min_samples: 5 eps: 1.500000  cluster: [-1  0  0  0  0 -1 -1 -1  0 -1 -1 -1]
min_samples: 5 eps: 2.000000  cluster: [-1  0  0  0  0 -1 -1 -1  0 -1 -1 -1]
min_samples: 5 eps: 3.000000  cluster: [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]

1.5.4 DBSCAN分析鸢尾花数据

def dbscan_for_iris():
        myutil = util()
        X,y = datasets.load_iris().data,datasets.load_iris().target
        dbscan = DBSCAN(min_samples=0.5,eps=1)
        dbscan.fit(X)
        result = dbscan.fit_predict(X)
        title = "鸢尾花"
        myutil.draw_scatter_for_Clustering(X,y,result,title,"DBSN")

输出

鸢尾花原始数据集分配簇标签为:
[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2]
鸢尾花 DBSN 训练簇标签为:
[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]

1.5.5 DBSCAN分析红酒数据

def dbscan_for_wine():
        myutil = util()
        X,y = datasets.load_wine().data,datasets.load_wine().target
        dbscan = DBSCAN(min_samples=0.5,eps=50)
        dbscan.fit(X)
        result = dbscan.fit_predict(X)
        title = "红酒"
        myutil.draw_scatter_for_Clustering(X,y,result,title,"DBSN")

输出

红酒原始数据集分配簇标签为:
[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2]
红酒 DBSN 训练簇标签为:
[0 0 0 1 2 1 3 3 0 0 1 3 3 0 1 3 3 0 4 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 3 2 0 3 1 0 3 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 5 0 0 0 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2]

1.5.6 DBSCAN分析乳腺癌数据

def dbscan_for_breast_cancer():
        myutil = util()
        X,y = datasets.load_breast_cancer().data,datasets.load_breast_cancer().target
        dbscan = DBSCAN(min_samples=0.5,eps=100)
        dbscan.fit(X)
        result = dbscan.fit_predict(X)
        title = "乳腺癌"
        myutil.draw_scatter_for_Clustering(X,y,result,title,"DBSN")

输出

乳腺癌原始数据集分配簇标签为:
[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0…1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1]
乳腺癌 DBSN 训练簇标签为:
[ 0  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  2  1  1  1  1  3 …1 15  1  1  1  1  1  1  7  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1…1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1 23  1  1  1  1]

1.5.7 DBSCAN分析两个月亮数据

#两个月亮
def dbscan_for_two_moon():
        myutil = util()
        X, y = datasets.make_moons(n_samples=200,noise=0.05, random_state=0)
        scaler = StandardScaler()
        scaler.fit(X)
        X_scaled = scaler.transform(X)
        # 打印处理后的数据形态
        print("处理后的数据形态:",X_scaled.shape)
        # 处理后的数据形态: (200, 2) 200个样本 2类    
        dbscan = DBSCAN()
        result=dbscan.fit_predict(X_scaled)
        title = "两个月亮"
        #绘制簇分配结果
        myutil.draw_scatter_for_Clustering(X,y,result,title,"DBSCAN")

输出

处理后的数据形态: (200, 2)
两个月亮原始数据集分配簇标签为:
[0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1]
两个月亮 DBSCAN 训练簇标签为:
[0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1]