.NET魔法堂：工程构建基石->MSBuild
Net 构建 gt 工程 魔法 -& 基石
2023-09-14 08:58:00 时间
一、前言
MSBuild是一个既熟悉又陌生的名字，Visual Studio的项目加载和构建均通过MSBuild来实现。VS中右键打开项目菜单，
对应MSBuild的Build目标，
对应MSBuild的Rebuild目标，
对应MSBuild的Clean目标，
对
应MSBuild的PublishOnly目标。到这里我想大家都明白MSBuild就和Ant一样就是一个用于项目构建的任务执行引擎，只不过它被融入
到VS中，降低了入门难度。但融入VS中只是方便我们使用而已，并不代表不用了解学习，尤其项目规模愈发庞大时，编写结构良好的MSBuild
Script来作为项目构建和管理的基石是必不可少。
本文是近日的学习记录，学习目标是看懂*.csproj项目文件的信息。若有纰漏请大家指正，谢谢。
附件知识 :
*.sln : 项目、解决方案在磁盘上的引用，VS通过该类文件加载整个项目、解决方案；
*.suo ： 保存VS用户界面的自定义配置（包括布局、断电和项目最后编译后而又没有关闭的文件标签等），下一次打开VS时会恢复这些配置；
*.csproj.user： 保存VS的个人配置；
*.csproj ： XML格式，保存项目的依赖项和项目构建步骤、任务等。（需要上传到版本库的）
注意：以下内容均以.NET Framework 4.0为环境。
目录一大坨：
MSBuild由两部分组成：脚本 和 执行引擎。
脚本：就是带变量、函数、流程控制的可编程语言。MSBuild Script是基于XML schema的，和Ant、Maven等差不多。
执行引擎：以脚本、变量、环境变量作为输入，对脚本进行解析执行。
直接到MSDN学习是一个不错的选择，但为了降低学习难度我们以**.csproj项目文件作为切入点。
在VS2013下新建名为LearnMSBuild的MVC4项目，然后在项目目录下有LearnMSBuild.csproj和LearnMSBuild.csproj.user两个项目文件，而里面就是MSBuild Script了。
在VS中查看LearnMSBuild.csproj的方法：右键点击项目- 卸载项目- 右键点击项目- 编辑LearnMSBuild.csproj。
?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?
Project ToolsVersion="12.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"
Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists($(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props)" /
PropertyGroup
Configuration Condition=" $(Configuration) == " Debug /Configuration
Platform Condition=" $(Platform) == " AnyCPU /Platform
ProductVersion
/ProductVersion
SchemaVersion 2.0 /SchemaVersion
ProjectGuid {13508D65-AC7D-4462-9106-2E8EC81F677D} /ProjectGuid
ProjectTypeGuids {E3E379DF-F4C6-4180-9B81-6769533ABE47};{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21};{fae04ec0-301f-11d3-bf4b-00c04f79efbc} /ProjectTypeGuids
OutputType Library /OutputType
AppDesignerFolder Properties /AppDesignerFolder
RootNamespace MvcApplication1 /RootNamespace
AssemblyName MvcApplication1 /AssemblyName
TargetFrameworkVersion v4.0 /TargetFrameworkVersion
MvcBuildViews false /MvcBuildViews
UseIISExpress true /UseIISExpress
IISExpressSSLPort /
IISExpressAnonymousAuthentication /
IISExpressWindowsAuthentication /
IISExpressUseClassicPipelineMode /
/PropertyGroup
PropertyGroup Condition=" $(Configuration)|$(Platform) == Debug|AnyCPU "
DebugSymbols true /DebugSymbols
DebugType full /DebugType
Optimize false /Optimize
OutputPath bin\ /OutputPath
DefineConstants DEBUG;TRACE /DefineConstants
ErrorReport prompt /ErrorReport
WarningLevel 4 /WarningLevel
/PropertyGroup
PropertyGroup Condition=" $(Configuration)|$(Platform) == Release|AnyCPU "
DebugType pdbonly /DebugType
Optimize true /Optimize
OutputPath bin\ /OutputPath
DefineConstants TRACE /DefineConstants
ErrorReport prompt /ErrorReport
WarningLevel 4 /WarningLevel
/PropertyGroup
ItemGroup
Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" /
Reference Include="System" /
Reference Include="System.Data" /
Reference Include="System.Data.Entity" /
Reference Include="System.Drawing" /
Reference Include="System.Web.DynamicData" /
Reference Include="System.Web.Entity" /
Reference Include="System.Web.ApplicationServices" /
Reference Include="System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations" /
Reference Include="System.Core" /
Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" /
Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" /
Reference Include="System.Web" /
Reference Include="System.Web.Extensions" /
Reference Include="System.Web.Abstractions" /
Reference Include="System.Web.Routing" /
Reference Include="System.Xml" /
Reference Include="System.Configuration" /
Reference Include="System.Web.Services" /
Reference Include="System.EnterpriseServices" /
Reference Include="EntityFramework"
HintPath ..\packages\EntityFramework.5.0.0\lib\net40\EntityFramework.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.1.0.0.0\lib\net40\Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="Microsoft.Web.Mvc.FixedDisplayModes, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.FixedDisplayModes.1.0.0\lib\net40\Microsoft.Web.Mvc.FixedDisplayModes.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="Newtonsoft.Json"
HintPath ..\packages\Newtonsoft.Json.4.5.11\lib\net40\Newtonsoft.Json.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Net.Http"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.Net.Http.2.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Net.Http.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Net.Http.Formatting, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client.4.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Net.Http.Formatting.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Net.Http.WebRequest"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.Net.Http.2.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Net.Http.WebRequest.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.Http, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core.4.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Web.Http.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.Http.WebHost, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.WebHost.4.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Web.Http.WebHost.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.Mvc, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.4.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Web.Mvc.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.Optimization"
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.Web.Optimization.1.0.0\lib\net40\System.Web.Optimization.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.Providers"
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.Providers.Core.1.2\lib\net40\System.Web.Providers.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.Razor.2.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Web.Razor.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.WebPages, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.2.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Web.WebPages.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.WebPages.Deployment, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.2.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Web.WebPages.Deployment.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="System.Web.WebPages.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.2.0.30506.0\lib\net40\System.Web.WebPages.Razor.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="WebGrease"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\WebGrease.1.3.0\lib\WebGrease.dll /HintPath
/Reference
Reference Include="Antlr3.Runtime"
Private True /Private
HintPath ..\packages\WebGrease.1.3.0\lib\Antlr3.Runtime.dll /HintPath
/Reference
/ItemGroup
ItemGroup
Compile Include="App_Start\BundleConfig.cs" /
Compile Include="App_Start\FilterConfig.cs" /
Compile Include="App_Start\RouteConfig.cs" /
Compile Include="App_Start\WebApiConfig.cs" /
Compile Include="Global.asax.cs"
DependentUpon Global.asax /DependentUpon
/Compile
Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" /
/ItemGroup
ItemGroup
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_flat_0_aaaaaa_40x100.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_flat_75_ffffff_40x100.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_glass_55_fbf9ee_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_glass_65_ffffff_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_glass_75_dadada_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_glass_75_e6e6e6_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_glass_95_fef1ec_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-bg_highlight-soft_75_cccccc_1x100.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-icons_222222_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-icons_2e83ff_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-icons_454545_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-icons_888888_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\images\ui-icons_cd0a0a_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery-ui.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.accordion.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.all.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.autocomplete.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.base.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.button.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.core.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.datepicker.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.dialog.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.progressbar.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.resizable.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.selectable.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.slider.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.tabs.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\jquery.ui.theme.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_flat_0_aaaaaa_40x100.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_flat_75_ffffff_40x100.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_glass_55_fbf9ee_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_glass_65_ffffff_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_glass_75_dadada_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_glass_75_e6e6e6_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_glass_95_fef1ec_1x400.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-bg_highlight-soft_75_cccccc_1x100.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-icons_222222_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-icons_2e83ff_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-icons_454545_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-icons_888888_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\images\ui-icons_cd0a0a_256x240.png" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery-ui.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.accordion.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.autocomplete.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.button.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.core.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.datepicker.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.dialog.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.progressbar.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.resizable.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.selectable.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.slider.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.tabs.min.css" /
Content Include="Content\themes\base\minified\jquery.ui.theme.min.css" /
Content Include="Global.asax" /
Content Include="Content\Site.css" /
None Include="Scripts\jquery-1.8.2.intellisense.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery-1.8.2.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery-1.8.2.min.js" /
None Include="Scripts\jquery.validate-vsdoc.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery-ui-1.8.24.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery-ui-1.8.24.min.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery.validate.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery.validate.min.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\knockout-2.2.0.debug.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\knockout-2.2.0.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\modernizr-2.6.2.js" /
Content Include="Scripts\_references.js" /
Content Include="Web.config" /
Content Include="Web.Debug.config"
DependentUpon Web.config /DependentUpon
/Content
Content Include="Web.Release.config"
DependentUpon Web.config /DependentUpon
/Content
Content Include="Views\Web.config" /
Content Include="Views\_ViewStart.cshtml" /
Content Include="Views\Shared\Error.cshtml" /
Content Include="Views\Shared\_Layout.cshtml" /
/ItemGroup
ItemGroup
Folder Include="App_Data\" /
Folder Include="Controllers\" /
Folder Include="Models\" /
/ItemGroup
ItemGroup
Content Include="packages.config" /
/ItemGroup
PropertyGroup
VisualStudioVersion Condition="$(VisualStudioVersion) == " 10.0 /VisualStudioVersion
VSToolsPath Condition="$(VSToolsPath) == " $(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion) /VSToolsPath
/PropertyGroup
Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" /
Import Project="$(VSToolsPath)\WebApplications\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets" Condition="$(VSToolsPath) != " /
Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v10.0\WebApplications\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets" Condition="false" /
Target Name="MvcBuildViews" AfterTargets="AfterBuild" Condition="$(MvcBuildViews)==true"
AspNetCompiler VirtualPath="temp" PhysicalPath="$(WebProjectOutputDir)" /
/Target
ProjectExtensions
VisualStudio
FlavorProperties GUID="{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21}"
WebProjectProperties
UseIIS True /UseIIS
AutoAssignPort True /AutoAssignPort
DevelopmentServerPort 40646 /DevelopmentServerPort
DevelopmentServerVPath / /DevelopmentServerVPath
IISUrl http://localhost:40646/ /IISUrl
NTLMAuthentication False /NTLMAuthentication
UseCustomServer False /UseCustomServer
CustomServerUrl
/CustomServerUrl
SaveServerSettingsInUserFile False /SaveServerSettingsInUserFile
/WebProjectProperties
/FlavorProperties
/VisualStudio
/ProjectExtensions
!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it.
Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
Target Name="BeforeBuild"
/Target
Target Name="AfterBuild"
/Target --
ItemGroup
F Include="test.txt"
OP tst/ /OP
F Include="test1.txt"
OP tst/ /OP
/ItemGroup
Target Name="HW" Inputs="@(F)" Outputs="@(F- %(OP)%(Filename)%(Extension))"
Message Text="%(F.OP)"/
Copy SourceFiles="@(F)" DestinationFolder="%(F.OP)" /
/Target
/Project
作用：根节点，用于配置项目级信息。
ItemGroup 用于对N个Item元素进行分类整理，并可通过Condition属性对旗下的Item元素进行是否生效的统一控制。
Item
作用：对一个或多个文件的命名引用。可包含元数据（如文件名、路径和版本号），元数据均以子元素的形式定义。
示例——定义名为Script的Item
Script Include="Script/jquery.js;Script/app.js" Version 0.1 /Version /Script Target Name="Nothing" Message Text="@(Script)+%(Script.Version)" / /Target // 执行结果：Script/jquery.js;Script/app.js+01
MSBuild执行引擎中内置部分预定义的Item，具体如下：
None（表示不应在生成过程中具有角色的文件，但同样可输出到生成目录中（默认是不输出到生成目录和不发布）） DependentUpon
*元数据转换（MSBuild Transform）*
增量生成就会用到MSBuild Transform。
作用：将一组Item转换为一组输出值
Inputs="@(BuiltAssemblies)" Outputs="@(BuiltAssemblies - $(OutputPath)%(Filename)%(Extension))" Copy SourceFiles="@(BuiltAssemblies)" DestinationFolder="$(OutputPath)"/ /Target 假定BuiltAssemblies如下 BuiltAssemblies Include="a.txt" /BuiltAssemblies BuiltAssemblies Include="b.txt" /BuiltAssemblies BuiltAssemblies Include="c.txt" /BuiltAssemblies Inputs="@(BuiltAssemblies)" Outputs="@(BuiltAssemblies - $(OutputPath)%(Filename)%(Extension))" 会建立以下的mapping a.txt(时间戳) - bin\a.txt(时间戳) b.txt(时间戳) - bin\b.txt(时间戳) c.txt(时间戳) - bin\c.txt(时间戳) 在执行Target时，会根据Mapping来检查两者的时间戳，若Output的没有时间戳或小于Input的时间戳则该Input项会列入执行的范围，否则则不再被解析执行。
PropertyGroup：属性组，用于整理归类Property
Property：配置信息的键值对
在启动执行引擎时，可从通过/property选项设置，并在脚本中通过$(属性名)的方式来引用 shell MSBuild /property:buildMode=release 脚本文件路径
在启动执行引擎时，MSBuild预留一些保留属性，供脚本引用 $(MSBuildProjectDirectory) 项目所在的目录
PropertyName 接收任务输出参数值的属性，后续可通过$(PropertyName)来引用该属性。PropertyName和ItemName存在互斥关系
ItemName 接收任务输出参数值的项，后续可通过@(ItemName)来引用该项。PropertyName和ItemName存在互斥关系
OutputAssembly="$(builtdir)\$(MSBuildProjectName).dll" Output TaskParameter="OutputAssembly" ItemName="FinalAssemblyName" / Output TaskParameter="BuildSucceeded" PropertyName="BuildWorked" / /Csc /Target
分类：
!-- set security on binaries-- Exec Command="echo y| cacls %(Binaries.Identity) /G everyone:R"/ /Target /Project
继承ITask接口
1. 若要覆盖MSBuild内置任务执行程序则将程序集保存在.NET Framework的目录下，并且后缀必须为.OverrideTasks或.Tasks;
2. 若不覆盖，则通过UsingTask元素的AssemblyFile或AssemblyName属性引入。
Name ParameterType="System.String" Required="True"/
Age ParameterType="System.Integer" Required="True" Output="18"/
/ParameterGroup
定义内联任务——Task元素详解
1. 直接在项目文件中编写任务，而不必引用外部包含继承ITask接口的类的程序集
2. 可用支持.NET CodeDom 语言（例如，Visual Basic、Visual C# 或 JScript）来编写任务逻辑
子元素：
Class （Code元素包含派生自ITask接口的类代码）
Method （Code元素包含定义ITask接口的Execute方法的重写（方法签名+方法体））
Fragment （Code元素中仅包含Execute方法的方法体代码）
注意：当UsingTask中出现子元素Task时，则UsingTask的属性TaskFactory必须为 CodeTaskFactory，AssemblyFile 为$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll。
Project ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"
UsingTask TaskName="Nothing" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll"
ParameterGroup/
Task Type="Fragment" Language="cs"
Reference Include="System.Core"/
Using Namespace="System" /
Using Namespace="System.IO" /
Using Namespace="System.Net" /
Using Namespace="Microsoft.Build.Framework" /
Using Namespace="Microsoft.Build.Utilities" /
Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs"
![CDATA[
try {
OutputFilename = Path.GetFullPath(OutputFilename);
Log.LogMessage("Downloading latest version of NuGet.exe...");
WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
webClient.DownloadFile("https://www.nuget.org/nuget.exe", OutputFilename);
return true;
catch (Exception ex) {
Log.LogErrorFromException(ex);
return false;
/Code
/Task
/Project
作用：针对某项工作，有序地组织多个Task。是对外的最小执行单位
属性：
注意：1.一次生成过程仅会执行同一个Target一次，当出现重复调用时会忽略，且返回第一次调用后的返回值；
2.Target重复定义时，采取最后定义有效的原则
作用：根据条件使部分Property/PropertyGroup/ItemGroup生效
子元素：
注意：1. 若当前项目文件没有DefaultTargets属性，则会按引入顺序寻找各被导入的项目文件的DefaultTargets属性，并执行第一个搜索到的DefaultTargets属性值；
2. 共享的导入项目文件的命名规范是以.targets作为扩展名（如：.nuget/NuGet.targets）
ImportGroup元素用于组织整理Import元素。
作用：内部包含的内容，将不被MSBuild解析执行
特殊字符：在MSBuild Script有特殊含义和用途的字符，若将它们作为普通字符输出时，需要通过%xx，xx为字符的ASCII的十六进制值的字面量来表示。
MSBuild.exe SolutionName .sln /t: ProjectName : TargetName ProjectName : TargetName ]*
本文主要是针对**.csproj中出现的元素来学习MSBuild Script，日后理论*实践后继续补充。
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