keepalived实现Tomcat服务双机热备

项目中需要采用tomcat双机热备机制，以确保系统性能。本人通过查阅资料以及亲自实现完成，写下这篇博文，供个人读者参考。

1. 规划

1.1服务器环境规划

负载服务器master及WEB服务器1真实IP：10.10.195.53

负载服务器backup及WEB服务器2真实IP：10.10.195.190

负载服务器虚拟ip：10.10.195.212

1.2 软件环境规划

操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6 (Tikanga)

keepalived：keepalived-1.2.19

Java：jdk-1.7.0_79

Tomcat：apache-tomcat-7.0.64

2. 负载服务器配置

这里只叙述如何安装配置keepalived，至于java以及tomcat的安装及配置，这里不赘述。

2.1 安装keepalived

[~]tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz

[~] cd keepalived-1.2.19

[keepalived-1.2.19] ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --disable-fwmark

#(如果直接输入./configure有可能报错：configure:error: No SO_MARK declaration in headers)

[keepalived-1.2.19] make

[keepalived-1.2.19] make install

2.2 配置keepalived服务

[keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

[keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

[keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

[keepalived-1.2.19] mkdir /etc/keepalived

[keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf/etc/keepalived/

[keepalived-1.2.19] chkconfig --add keepalived

[keepalived-1.2.19] chkconfig keepalived on

 重启\启动\关闭\查看状态keepalived

service keepalived restart

service keepalived start

service keepalived stop

service keepalived status

2.3 配置keepalived.conf文件

[~]mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak

[~]vi /etc/keepalived//keepalived.conf 

主备机的keepalived.conf文件大致相同，只是注意红色标注的地方。

主机配置：

global_defs {

 router_id NodeA

vrrp_script chk_http_port {

 script "/opt/tomcat.pid"

 interval 5

 weight 2

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

 state MASTER

 interface eth0

 virtual_router_id 52

 priority 150

 advert_int 1

 authentication {

 auth_type PASS

 auth_pass 1111

 track_script {

 chk_http_port

 virtual_ipaddress {

 10.10.195.212

}

备机配置：

global_defs {

 router_id NodeB

vrrp_script chk_http_port {

 script "/opt/tomcat.pid"

 interval 5

 weight 2

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

 state BACKUP

 interface eth0

 virtual_router_id 52

 priority 100

 advert_int 1

 authentication {

 auth_type PASS

 auth_pass 1111

 track_script {

 chk_http_port

 virtual_ipaddress {

 10.10.195.212

}

2.4配置/opt/tomcat.pid

#!/bin/bash

#description: check tomcat service anddecide whether stop the keepalived or not

#edited by zzh: 2015-10-14

CATALINA_HOME=/users/shr/apache-tomcat-7.0.64

JAVA_HOME=/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk

export CATALINA_HOME

export JAVA_HOME

ps ax --width=1000 | grep"org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start" | grep -v"grep" | awk {printf $1 " "} | wc | awk {print $2} tomcat_process_count.txt

read line tomcat_process_count.txt

start_tomcat=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh

if [ ${line} -lt 1 ]

 echo -n "===Starting tomcat===:"

 ${start_tomcat}

 # :sudo service tomcat start

 echo "===tomcat start ok.==="

 sleep 3

 # check the tomcat status.

 ps ax --width=1000 | grep "org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrapstart" | grep -v "grep" | awk {printf $1 " "} | wc |awk {print $2} tomcat_process_count.txt

 read line2 tomcat_process_count.txt

 if [ ${line2} -lt 1 ]

 then

 sudo service keepalived stop

rm tomcat_process_count.txt

#shell end.

3. 日志查看

3.1 正常启动

输入tail -f /var/log/messages查看启动keepalived日志：

（MASTER：10.10.195.53）

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived[5536]:Starting Keepalived v1.2.19 (09/21,2015)

Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53added

Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53added

Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Opening file/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.

Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Configuration is using : 6572 Bytes

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived[5537]:Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=5538

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_healthcheckers[5538]:Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53 added

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53 added

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived[5537]:Starting VRRP child process, pid=5539

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Registering Kernel netlink reflector

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Registering Kernel netlink command channel

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Opening file /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Configuration is using : 36541 Bytes

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]

Sep 29 15:49:17 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Sep 29 15:49:17 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received lower prio advert, forcing new election

Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.10.195.212

Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 added

Sep 29 15:49:18 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212added

Sep 29 15:49:23 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.10.195.212

(BACKUP:10.10.195.190)

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived[18218]:Starting Keepalived v1.2.19 (09/25,2015)

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190added

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190added

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]:Opening file /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Configuration is using : 6682 Bytes

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived[18219]:Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=18220

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived[18219]:Starting VRRP child process, pid=18221

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190 added

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190 added

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Opening file /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[18221]:Configuration is using : 36651 Bytes

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[18221]:VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]

3.2 主备切换

l  当在主机（MASTER：10.10.195.53）中输入 sudoservice keepalived stop，此时就会进行主备切换，主机切换成备机。

主机（MASTER：10.10.195.53）输出如下

Oct 14 13:25:09 shr Keepalived_vrrp[26683]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority

Oct 14 13:25:09 shr Keepalived_vrrp[26683]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

Oct 14 13:25:09 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[26682]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212removed

Oct 14 13:25:09 shr Keepalived[26681]:Stopping Keepalived v1.2.19 (09/21,2015)

备机(BACKUP:10.10.195.190)输出如下

Oct 14 13:19:58 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for10.10.195.212

Oct 14 13:19:59 server1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[30889]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 added

Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 added

Oct 14 13:20:04 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for10.10.195.212

l  当在主机（MASTER：10.10.195.53）中输入sudoservice keepalived start,此时就会切换成主机。备机(BACKUP:10.10.195.190)输出如下信息：

Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert

Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[30889]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212removed

Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 removed

4. 查看虚拟ip

可以通过ip add show命令查看添加的虚拟ip：

[shr@shr bin]$ip add show

1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu16436 qdisc noqueue

 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

2: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

 link/ether 00:0c:29:6b:f2:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

 inet 10.10.195.53/24 brd 10.10.195.255 scope global eth0

 inet 10.10.195.212/32scope global eth0

5. 常见错误

5. 1常见错误一：

/var/log/messages has thousands of errorslike this:

Jun 28 09:18:32 rust Keepalived_vrrp:receive an invalid ip number count

associated with VRID!

Jun 28 09:18:32 rust Keepalived_vrrp: bogusVRRP packet received on eth0 !!!

Jun 28 09:18:32 rust Keepalived_vrrp:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Dropping received

VRRP packet...

The backup director starts up, but doesntlisten on the virtual addresses

at all. Its /var/log/messages has thousands of errors like this:

Jun 28 06:25:05 stye Keepalived_vrrp:receive an invalid ip number count

associated with VRID!

Jun 28 06:25:05 stye Keepalived_vrrp: bogusVRRP packet received on eth0 !!!

Jun 28 06:25:05 stye Keepalived_vrrp:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) ignoring received

advertisment... span   /span 

解决方法：

改变配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf中virtual_router_id为另一个值即可。

（changed the vrid to another number and it worked fine）.

5.2 常见错误二：

主机执行到VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE之后没有执行VRRP_Instance(VI_1)setting protocol VIPs。

解决方法：

可能是配置文件keepalived.conf中{左边没有空格。

 

附

linux添加tomcat服务

在/etc/init.d中输入 sudo vim tomcat

脚本具体内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

#chkconfig: 2345 10 90

#description: Starts and Stops the tomcatdaemon

#edited by ZZH: 2015-10-14

CATALINA_HOME=/users/shr/apache-tomcat-7.0.64

JAVA_HOME=/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk

export CATALINA_HOME

export JAVA_HOME

start_tomcat=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh

stop_tomcat=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh

if [ ! -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh ]

 echo"===Tomcat is not available.==="

 exit

start()

 echo-n "===Starting tomcat===:"

 ${start_tomcat}

 echo"===tomcat start ok.==="

stop()

 echo-n "===Shutting down tomcat===:"

 ${stop_tomcat}

 echo"===tomcat stop ok.==="

status()

 ps ax --width=1000 | grep"org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start" | grep -v"grep" | awk {printf $1 " "} | wc | awk {print $2} tomcat_process_count.txt

 readline tomcat_process_count.txt

 rmtomcat_process_count.txt

 if[ $line -gt 0 ]

 then

 echo-n "tomcat ( pid = "

 ps ax --width=1000 | grep"org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start" | grep -v"grep" | awk {printf $1 " "} | awk {print $1} tomcat_process_pid.txt

 readpid tomcat_process_pid.txt

 rmtomcat_process_pid.txt

 echo-n $pid

 echo-n ") is running..."

 echo

 else

 echo"tomcat is stopped"

case "$1" in

 start)

 start

 stop)

 stop

 restart)

 stop

 sleep1

 start

 status)

 status

 echo"Usage:$0 {start|stop|restart}"

 exit1

exit 0

# shell end.

在终端输入:

sudo chmod 755 tomcat

sudo chkconfig --add tomcat

tomcat 启动 service tomcatstart

tomcat 关闭 service tomcatstop

tomcat 重启 service tomcatrestart

tomcat状态查看 service tomcatstatus