Oracle19C入门到熟练006-SQL理论与数据准备

学习要求

有一定关系型数据的操作功底，会SQL语句

教学目标

学习SQL理论

SQL概述

结构化查询语言（Structured Query Language）简称SQL，是一种特殊目的的编程语言，是一种数据库查询和程序设计语言，用于存取数据以及查询、更新和管理关系数据库系统。

SQL分类

也有种分法， 将DML 分成DML + DQL， 将select 单独分为DQL专做查询，

数据准备

DEPT（部门表）

表示一个部门的具体信息

数据 

部门名称解释

ACCOUNTING ：会计/财务部

RESEARCH ：研究部

SALES ：销售部

OPERATIONS ：运营部？

部门所在地解释

NEW YORK ：纽约

DALLAS ：达拉斯

CHICAGO ：芝加哥

BOSTON ：波士顿

SQL

DROP TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT";
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" (
  "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2) VISIBLE NOT NULL ,
  "DNAME" VARCHAR2(14 BYTE) VISIBLE ,
  "LOC" VARCHAR2(13 BYTE) VISIBLE 
);

INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."DEPT" VALUES ('50', 'TEST', 'WASHINGTON');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."DEPT" VALUES ('10', 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."DEPT" VALUES ('20', 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."DEPT" VALUES ('30', 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."DEPT" VALUES ('40', 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');

-- ----------------------------
-- Primary Key structure for table DEPT
-- ----------------------------
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO");

EMP（雇员表）

记录了一个雇员的基本信息

数据

职位解释：

CLERK ：普通职员

SALESMAN ：销售员

MANAGER ：主管/经理

PRESIDENT ：总裁/boss

ANALYST ：分析师

 SQL

DROP TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP";
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" (
  "EMPNO" NUMBER(4) VISIBLE NOT NULL ,
  "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) VISIBLE ,
  "JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE) VISIBLE ,
  "MGR" NUMBER(4) VISIBLE ,
  "HIREDATE" DATE VISIBLE ,
  "SAL" NUMBER(7,2) VISIBLE ,
  "COMM" NUMBER(7,2) VISIBLE ,
  "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2) VISIBLE 
);

INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7935', 'SSSS', 'SALESMAN', '7782', TO_DATE('2022-01-18 17:06:37', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '4100', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7369', 'SMITH', 'CL%ERK', '7902', TO_DATE('1980-12-17 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '800', NULL, '20');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7499', 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', '7698', TO_DATE('1981-02-20 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '1600', '300', '30');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7521', 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', '7698', TO_DATE('1981-02-22 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '1250', '500', '30');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7566', 'JONES', 'MANAGER', '7839', TO_DATE('1981-04-02 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '2975', NULL, '20');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7654', 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', '7698', TO_DATE('1981-09-28 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '1250', '1400', '30');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7698', 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', '7839', TO_DATE('1981-05-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '2850', NULL, '30');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7782', 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', '7839', TO_DATE('1981-06-09 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '2450', NULL, '10');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7839', 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', NULL, TO_DATE('1981-11-17 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '5000', NULL, '10');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7844', 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', '7698', TO_DATE('1981-09-08 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '1500', '0', '30');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7900', 'JAMES', 'CLERK', '7698', TO_DATE('1981-12-03 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '950', NULL, '30');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7902', 'FORD', 'ANALYST', '7566', TO_DATE('1981-12-03 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '3000', NULL, '20');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."EMP" VALUES ('7934', 'MILLER', 'CLERK', '7782', TO_DATE('1982-01-23 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), '1300', NULL, '10');

-- ----------------------------
-- Primary Key structure for table EMP
-- ----------------------------
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO");

-- ----------------------------
-- Foreign Keys structure for table EMP
-- ----------------------------
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFERENCES "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO") NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE NORELY VALIDATE;

BONUS（奖金表）

示一个雇员的工资及奖金。

无数据

SQL

DROP TABLE "SCOTT"."BONUS";
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."BONUS" (
  "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE) VISIBLE ,
  "JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE) VISIBLE ,
  "SAL" NUMBER VISIBLE ,
  "COMM" NUMBER VISIBLE 
);

SALGRADE（工资等级表）

公司员工工资等级分类

数据 

 SQL

DROP TABLE "SCOTT"."SALGRADE";
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" (
  "GRADE" NUMBER VISIBLE ,
  "LOSAL" NUMBER VISIBLE ,
  "HISAL" NUMBER VISIBLE 
);

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of SALGRADE
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" VALUES ('1', '700', '1200');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" VALUES ('2', '1201', '1400');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" VALUES ('3', '1401', '2000');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" VALUES ('4', '2001', '3000');
INSERT INTO "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" VALUES ('5', '3001', '9999');