SQL 50 题（MySQL 版，包括建库建表、插入数据等完整过程，适合复习 SQL 知识点）
2023-09-27 14:25:46 时间
目录
- 1.建库建表
- 2.插入数据
- 3.SQL 50 题
- 3.1.SQL 01——查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
- 3.2.SQL 02——查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
- 3.3.SQL 03——查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩
- 3.4.SQL 04——查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩（包括有成绩的和无成绩的）
- 3.5.SQL 05——查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
- 3.6.SQL 06——查询"李"姓老师的数量
- 3.7.SQL 07——查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
- 3.8.SQL 08——查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
- 3.9.SQL 09——查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
- 3.10.SQL 10——查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
- 3.11.SQL 11——查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
- 3.12.SQL 12——查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
- 3.13.SQL 13——查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
- 3.14.SQL 14——查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
- 3.15.SQL 15——查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
- 3.16.SQL 16——检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
- 3.17.SQL 17——按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
- 3.18.SQL 18——查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程名称，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率。及格为 >= 60，中等为 70-80，优良为 80-90，优秀为 >= 90。
- 3.19.SQL 19——按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名，成绩重复时合并名次
- 3.20.SQL 20——查询学生的总成绩并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺
- 3.21.SQL 21——查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分，并从高到低显示
- 3.22.SQL 22——查询所有课程的成绩第 2 名到第 3 名的学生信息及该课程成绩
- 3.23.SQL 23——统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[0-60]及所占百分比
- 3.24.SQL 24——查询学生平均成绩及其名次
- 3.25.SQL 25——查询各科成绩前三名的记录
- 3.26.SQL 26——查询每门课程被选修的学生数
- 3.27.SQL 27——查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
- 3.28.SQL 28——查询男生、女生人数
- 3.29.SQL 29——查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
- 3.30.SQL 30——查询同姓名同性别学生名单，并统计同名人数
- 3.31.SQL 31——查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
- 3.32.SQL 32——查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
- 3.33.SQL 33——查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
- 3.34.SQL 34——查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
- 3.35.SQL 35——查询所有学生的课程及分数情况
- 3.36.SQL 36——查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
- 3.37.SQL 37——查询不及格的课程的学生姓名、课程名称和分数
- 3.38.SQL 38——查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
- 3.39.SQL 39——求每门课程的学生人数
- 3.40.SQL 40——查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 3.41.SQL 41——查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
- 3.42.SQL 42——查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
- 3.43.SQL 43——统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计），要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
- 3.44.SQL 44——查询至少选修两门课程的学生学号
- 3.45.SQL 45——查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
- 3.46.SQL 46——查询各学生的年龄
- 3.47.SQL 47——查询本周过生日的学生
- 3.48.SQL 48——查询下周过生日的学生
- 3.49.SQL 49——查询本月过生日的学生
- 3.50.SQL 50——查询下月过生日的学生
① 本文整理了经典的 50 道 SQL 题目，文本分为建库建表、插入数据以及 SQL 50 题这三个部分。
② 本文所使用的 MySQL 版本为 5.5，虽然版本有一点旧，但是对 SQL 知识点的复习没有太大的影响（除了一些旧版没有的函数）。
③ 由于本文旨在对 SQL 基础知识进行复习，并且所涉及的数据量也十分的小，所以在编写 SQL 语句时，并未过多考虑 SQL 优化的方面。如果读者有其它的解法或者发现错误之处，可在评论区留言，笔者在看到后会及时更新！
1.建库建表
（1）建库：创建一个名为 sqlpractice 的数据库。
（2）建表：建立 student、course、teacher 和 score 这 4 张表。它们的字段以及之间的关系如下图所示。
（3）建库建表的完整 SQL 语句如下所示。
# 建库
create database sqlpractice;
use sqlpractice;
# 建立 Student 学生表
CREATE TABLE Student(
s_id VARCHAR(20),
s_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
s_birth VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
s_sex VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(s_id) # 主键
);
# 建立 Course 课程表
CREATE TABLE Course(
c_id VARCHAR(20),
c_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
t_id VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(c_id) # 主键
);
# 建立 Teacher 教师表
CREATE TABLE Teacher(
t_id VARCHAR(20),
t_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(t_id) # 主键
);
# 建立 Score 分数表
CREATE TABLE Score(
s_id VARCHAR(20),
c_id VARCHAR(20),
s_score INT(3),
PRIMARY KEY(s_id, c_id) # 联合主键
);
# 添加外键
# 语法：ALTER TABLE 从表 ADD FOREIGN KEY(外键字段) REFERENCES 主表(主键字段)
ALTER TABLE Course ADD FOREIGN KEY(t_id) REFERENCES Teacher(t_id)
ALTER TABLE Score ADD FOREIGN KEY(s_id) REFERENCES Student(s_id)
ALTER TABLE Score ADD FOREIGN KEY(c_id) REFERENCES Course(c_id)
2.插入数据
（1）向上面创建的 4 张表中插入测试数据的 SQL 语句如下所示（需要注意表之间的关系，以免插入数据失败）。
# 分别向四张表中插入数据
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('01', '赵雷', '1990-01-01', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('02', '钱电', '1990-12-21', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('03', '孙风', '1990-05-20', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('04', '李云', '1990-08-06', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('05', '周梅', '1991-12-01', '女');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('06', '吴兰', '1992-03-01', '女');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('07', '郑竹', '1989-07-01', '女');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('08', '王菊', '1990-01-20', '女');
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('01', '语文', '02');
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('02', '数学', '01');
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('03', '英语', '03');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('01', '张三');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('02', '李四');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('03', '王五');
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('01', '01', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('01', '02', 90);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('01', '03', 99);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('02', '01', 70);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('02', '02', 60);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('02', '03', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('03', '01', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('03', '02', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('03', '03', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('04', '01', 50);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('04', '02', 30);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('04', '03', 20);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('05', '01', 76);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('05', '02', 87);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('06', '01', 31);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('06', '03', 34);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('07', '02', 89);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('07', '03', 98);
（2）检验插入数据是否成功
SELECT * FROM Student;
SELECT * FROM Course;
SELECT * FROM Teacher;
SELECT * FROM Score;
Student 表
Course 表
Teacher 表
Score 表
3.SQL 50 题
3.1.SQL 01——查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
# 本题需要比较"01"课程比"02"课程的成绩，故在 where 中将 score 表中的字段 s_score 使用 2 次（即分别对应"01"课程的成绩和"02"课程的成绩）
# 所以可以使用为 s_score 表取别名的方式来多次使用 score 表中的字段
SELECT
student.*,
score1.s_score
FROM
student,
score AS score1,
score AS score2
WHERE
student.s_id = score1.s_id
AND score1.s_id = score2.s_id # student, score1, score2 表连接的条件是它们的 s_id 均相等
AND score1.c_id = '01'
AND score2.c_id = '02'
AND score1.s_score > score2.s_score;
3.2.SQL 02——查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT
student.*,
score1.s_score
FROM
student,
score AS score1,
score AS score2
WHERE
student.s_id = score1.s_id
AND score1.s_id = score2.s_id # student, score1, score2 表连接的条件是它们的 s_id 均相等
AND score1.c_id = '01'
AND score2.c_id = '02'
AND score1.s_score < score2.s_score;
3.3.SQL 03——查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩
# 1.创建临时表 ss
EXPLAIN SELECT
student.s_id,
student.s_name,
ss.avg_score
FROM
student,
(SELECT s_id, AVG( s_score ) AS avg_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id) AS ss
WHERE
student.s_id = ss.s_id
AND ss.avg_score >= 60;
# 2.先进行内连接，然后再分组
SELECT
student.s_id,
s_name,
AVG(score.s_score) avg_score
FROM
student
INNER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id
GROUP BY
student.s_id,
s_name
HAVING
AVG(score.s_score) >= 60
3.4.SQL 04——查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩（包括有成绩的和无成绩的）
# isnull(exper) 判断 exper 是否为空，是则返回 1，否则返回 0
# ifnull(exper1, exper2) 判断 exper1 是否为空，是则用 exper2 代替
# nullif(exper1, exper2) 如果 expr1 = expr2 成立，那么返回值为 NULL，否则返回值为 expr1。
SELECT
student.s_id,
s_name,
AVG(score.s_score) avg_score
FROM
student
LEFT OUTER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id
GROUP BY
student.s_id,
s_name
HAVING
AVG(IFNULL(score.s_score,0)) < 60
3.5.SQL 05——查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
SELECT
student.s_id,
student.s_name,
COUNT(DISTINCT c_id) AS totalCourses,
SUM(s_score) AS totalScores
FROM
student
# 由于要查询所有的学生，故无论其是否有课程信息都要查询，所以使用 LEFT OUTER JOIN
LEFT OUTER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id
GROUP BY
student.s_id,
student.s_name;
3.6.SQL 06——查询"李"姓老师的数量
SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM
teacher
WHERE
t_name LIKE '李%'
3.7.SQL 07——查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
# 1.使用多表连接(score, course, teacher)找到上张三老师课的同学的 s_id，然后再根据 s_id 从 student 表中查询同学信息
SELECT
student.*
FROM
student
WHERE
s_id IN (
SELECT
s_id
FROM
score,
course,
teacher
WHERE
teacher.t_name = '张三'
AND teacher.t_id = course.t_id
AND course.c_id = score.c_id
);
# 2.多层嵌套子查询（当数据量较大时，一般不推荐使用子查询）
# 在 student 表中根据上过张三老师教的课的学生 s_id 来查询他们的信息
SELECT
student.*
FROM
student
WHERE
student.s_id = ANY (
# 在 score 表中根据张三老师教的课程 c_id 来查找上这些课的学生 s_id
SELECT DISTINCT
s_id
FROM
score
WHERE
score.c_id = (
# 在 course 表中根据张三老师的 t_id 查询他所教的课程 c_id
SELECT
c_id
FROM
course
WHERE
course.t_id = (
# 在 teacher 表中查询张三老师的 t_id
SELECT
t_id
FROM
teacher
WHERE
t_name = '张三'
)
)
)
3.8.SQL 08——查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
SELECT
student.*
FROM
student
WHERE
student.s_id != ALL (
SELECT DISTINCT
s_id
FROM
score
WHERE
score.c_id = (
SELECT
c_id
FROM
course
WHERE
course.t_id = (
SELECT
t_id
FROM
teacher
WHERE
t_name = '张三'
)
)
)
3.9.SQL 09——查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
SELECT
student.*
FROM
student
WHERE
student.s_id = ANY (
SELECT
s1.s_id
FROM
score AS s1,
score AS s2
WHERE
s1.s_id = s2.s_id
AND s1.c_id = '01'
AND s2.c_id = '02'
)
3.10.SQL 10——查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
SELECT
student.*
FROM
student
WHERE
student.s_id NOT IN (
SELECT
s1.s_id
FROM
score AS s1,
score AS s2
WHERE
s1.s_id = s2.s_id
AND s1.c_id = '01'
AND s2.c_id = '02'
)
3.11.SQL 11——查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
# 下面的课程数量 3 也可以用 (SELECT count(*) FROM course) 来代替
SELECT
*
FROM
student
WHERE
s_id IN (SELECT s_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id) < 3)
3.12.SQL 12——查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
# 不包括学号为 '01' 学生自己
SELECT
*
FROM
student
WHERE
s_id IN (SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id = '01') AND s_id != '01')
3.13.SQL 13——查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
SELECT
*
FROM
student
WHERE
s_id IN (
SELECT
s_id
FROM
score
WHERE
c_id IN (SELECT DISTINCT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id = '01')
AND
s_id != '01'
GROUP BY
s_id
HAVING
# 下面的课程数量 3 也可以用 (SELECT count(*) FROM course) 来代替
count( c_id ) >= 3
)
3.14.SQL 14——查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
SELECT
s_name
FROM
student
WHERE
s_id NOT IN (
SELECT
s_id
FROM
score
WHERE
c_id IN (
# 查询由姓名为张三的老师所讲授的课程 id
SELECT
c_id
FROM
course
WHERE
# 姓名为张三的老师可能有多个，所以此处不能直接使用 =
t_id IN (SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三')
)
)
3.15.SQL 15——查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
SELECT
stu.s_id,
stu.s_name,
tmp_t.avg_score
FROM
student AS stu
RIGHT JOIN
(
SELECT
s_id,
avg(s_score) AS avg_score
FROM
score
WHERE
s_score < 60
GROUP BY
s_id
HAVING
count(s_score) >= 2
) AS tmp_t
ON
stu.s_id = tmp_t.s_id
3.16.SQL 16——检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
SELECT
stu.*
FROM
student AS stu
INNER JOIN score ON stu.s_id = score.s_id
WHERE
c_id = '01'
AND
s_score < 60
ORDER BY
s_score DESC
3.17.SQL 17——按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
SELECT
s_id,
max(CASE c_id WHEN '01' THEN s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '01',
max(CASE c_id WHEN '02' THEN s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '02',
max(CASE c_id WHEN '03' THEN s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '03',
avg(s_score) AS avg_score
FROM
score
GROUP BY
s_id
ORDER BY
avg_score DESC
3.18.SQL 18——查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程名称，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率。及格为 >= 60，中等为 70-80，优良为 80-90，优秀为 >= 90。
SELECT
sc.c_id AS "课程ID",
c.c_name AS '课程名称',
MAX( sc.s_score ) AS "最高分",
MIN( sc.s_score ) AS '最低分',
AVG( sc.s_score ) AS '平均分',
SUM(IF (sc.s_score BETWEEN 60 AND 70, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '及格率',
SUM(IF (sc.s_score BETWEEN 70 AND 80, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '中等率',
SUM(IF (sc.s_score BETWEEN 80 AND 90, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '优良率',
SUM(IF (sc.s_score >= 90, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '优秀率'
FROM
score AS sc
JOIN course AS c ON sc.c_id = c.c_id
GROUP BY
sc.c_id
3.19.SQL 19——按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名，成绩重复时合并名次
SELECT
sc1.c_id,
sc1.s_id,
sc1.s_score,
count(sc2.s_score) + 1 AS rank
FROM
score AS sc1
LEFT JOIN score AS sc2 ON sc1.s_score < sc2.s_score
AND sc1.c_id = sc2.c_id
GROUP BY
sc1.c_id,
sc1.s_id,
sc1.s_score
ORDER BY
sc1.c_id,
rank
3.20.SQL 20——查询学生的总成绩并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺
SELECT
student.s_id,
s_name,
sum(s_score) AS '总成绩'
FROM
student
LEFT JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id
GROUP BY
student.s_id,
s_name
ORDER BY
sum(s_score) DESC
3.21.SQL 21——查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分，并从高到低显示
SELECT
teacher.t_id,
t_name,
avg(s_score * 1.0) AS avg_score
FROM
teacher,
course,
score
WHERE
teacher.t_id = course.t_id
AND course.c_id = score.c_id
GROUP BY
teacher.t_id,
t_name,
score.c_id
ORDER BY
avg(s_score * 1.0) DESC
3.22.SQL 22——查询所有课程的成绩第 2 名到第 3 名的学生信息及该课程成绩
# 1.分别对每门课程进行查询，然后再合并查询结果，但是如果课程太多，该方法就不太合适
SELECT
t1.*
FROM
(
SELECT
st.*,
c.c_id,
c.c_name,
sc.s_score
FROM
student st
LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
INNER JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id
AND c.c_id = "01"
ORDER BY
sc.s_score DESC
LIMIT 1,
2
) as t1
UNION ALL
SELECT
t2.*
FROM
(
SELECT
st.*,
c.c_id,
c.c_name,
sc.s_score
FROM
student st
LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
INNER JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id
AND c.c_id = "02"
ORDER BY
sc.s_score DESC
LIMIT 1,
2
) as t2
UNION ALL
SELECT
t3.*
FROM
(
SELECT
st.*,
c.c_id,
c.c_name,
sc.s_score
FROM
student st
LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
INNER JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id
AND c.c_id = "03"
ORDER BY
sc.s_score DESC
LIMIT 1,
2
) as t3
# 2.一次性查询，需要注意的是 row_number() 在 MySQL 8.0 中才支持
SELECT
c_id,
student.*,
s_score
FROM
student
INNER JOIN (
SELECT
s_id,
s_score,
c_id,
row_number() over (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) AS rank
FROM
score
) AS tmp_t ON tmp_t.s_id = student.s_id
WHERE
tmp_t.rank IN (2, 3)
3.23.SQL 23——统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[0-60]及所占百分比
SELECT
score.c_id,
course.c_name,
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 0 AND 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[0-60]人数',
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 61 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[61-70]人数',
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 71 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[71-85]人数',
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 86 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[86-100]人数',
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 0 AND 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count( * ) AS '[0-60]人数所占百分比',
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 61 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count( * ) AS '[61-70]人数所占百分比',
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 71 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count( * ) AS '[71-85]人数所占百分比',
sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 86 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count( * ) AS '[86-100]人数所占百分比'
FROM
score
LEFT JOIN course ON score.c_id = course.c_id
GROUP BY
score.c_id,
course.c_name
3.24.SQL 24——查询学生平均成绩及其名次
SELECT
student.s_id,
avg(s_score) AS '平均成绩'
FROM
student,
score
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
GROUP BY
student.s_id
ORDER BY
avg(s_score) DESC
3.25.SQL 25——查询各科成绩前三名的记录
# 1.分别对每科进行查询，然后再合并查询结果，但是如果课程太多，该方法就不太合适
(SELECT c_id, s_score FROM score WHERE c_id = '01' ORDER BY s_score DESC LIMIT 3) UNION ALL
(SELECT c_id, s_score FROM score WHERE c_id = '02' ORDER BY s_score DESC LIMIT 3) UNION ALL
(SELECT c_id, s_score FROM score WHERE c_id = '03' ORDER BY s_score DESC LIMIT 3)
# 2.一次性查询出结果
SELECT DISTINCT
tmp_t.c_id,
tmp_t.s_score
FROM
(
SELECT DISTINCT
student.*,
sc1.c_id,
sc1.s_score,
count(DISTINCT sc2.s_score) + 1 AS rank
FROM
score AS sc1
LEFT JOIN score AS sc2 ON sc1.c_id = sc2.c_id
AND sc1.s_score < sc2.s_score
LEFT JOIN student ON sc1.s_id = student.s_id
GROUP BY
sc1.c_id,
sc1.s_id
ORDER BY
sc1.c_id,
sc1.s_score DESC
) AS tmp_t
WHERE
tmp_t.rank BETWEEN 1 AND 3
3.26.SQL 26——查询每门课程被选修的学生数
SELECT
c_id,
count( s_id ) AS '选修该门课程的学生数'
FROM
score
GROUP BY
c_id
3.27.SQL 27——查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
SELECT
student.s_id,
student.s_name
FROM
student,
score
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
GROUP BY
s_id
HAVING
count(c_id) = 2
3.28.SQL 28——查询男生、女生人数
SELECT
sum(CASE WHEN s_sex = '男' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) AS '男生人数',
sum(CASE WHEN s_sex = '女' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) AS '女生人数'
FROM
student
3.29.SQL 29——查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
SELECT
*
FROM
student
WHERE
s_name LIKE '%风%'
在 MySQL 中，LIKE 操作符用于在文本字段中搜索特定的模式。如果需要在文本字段中匹配通配符本身，可以使用反斜杠字符转义通配符。例如，如果您要在一个名为 ’mytable’ 的表中查找包含下划线字符的字符串，可以使用以下查询：
SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE mycolumn LIKE '%\_%' ESCAPE '\';
在上面的查询中，ESCAPE 关键字指定了转义字符为反斜杠，因此我们在通配符前添加了一个反斜杠字符。这将告诉 MySQL 仅匹配下划线字符本身，而不是作为通配符进行匹配。
3.30.SQL 30——查询同姓名同性别学生名单，并统计同名人数
SELECT
stu1.s_name,
tmp_t.cnt AS '同名人数'
FROM
student AS stu1
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT s_name, s_sex, count(*) AS cnt FROM student GROUP BY s_name, s_sex
) AS tmp_t ON stu1.s_name = tmp_t.s_name
AND stu1.s_sex = tmp_t.s_sex
WHERE
tmp_t.cnt > 1
3.31.SQL 31——查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
SELECT
*
FROM
student
WHERE
s_birth LIKE '1990%'
3.32.SQL 32——查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
SELECT
score.c_id,
avg( s_score ) AS avg_score
FROM
score
GROUP BY
c_id
ORDER BY
avg( s_score ) DESC,
c_id ASC
3.33.SQL 33——查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
SELECT
student.s_id,
student.s_name,
avg(s_score) AS '平均成绩'
FROM
student
INNER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id
GROUP BY
score.s_id,
student.s_id,
student.s_name
HAVING
avg(score.s_score) > 85
3.34.SQL 34——查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
SELECT
s_name,
s_score
FROM
student,
score
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
AND c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE c_name = '数学')
AND s_score < 60
3.35.SQL 35——查询所有学生的课程及分数情况
SELECT
student.s_id,
student.s_name,
course.c_name,
score.s_score
FROM
student,
course,
score
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
AND score.c_id = course.c_id
ORDER BY
s_id
3.36.SQL 36——查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
SELECT
student.s_name,
course.c_name,
score.s_score
FROM
student,
score,
course
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
AND score.c_id = course.c_id
AND s_score > 70
3.37.SQL 37——查询不及格的课程的学生姓名、课程名称和分数
SELECT
student.s_name,
course.c_name,
score.s_score
FROM
student,
score,
course
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
AND score.c_id = course.c_id
AND s_score < 60
3.38.SQL 38——查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
SELECT
student.s_id,
s_name
FROM
student,
score
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
AND c_id = '01'
AND s_score >= 80
3.39.SQL 39——求每门课程的学生人数
SELECT
c_name,
count( s_id ) AS '学生人数'
FROM
score,
course
WHERE
score.c_id = course.c_id
GROUP BY
score.c_id,
c_name
3.40.SQL 40——查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
# 这里默认的是一门老师只教授一门课程
SELECT
student.*,
score.s_score
FROM
student,
score
WHERE
student.s_id = score.s_id
AND c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE t_id IN (SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三'))
ORDER BY
s_score DESC
LIMIT 1
3.41.SQL 41——查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
SELECT
sc1.s_id,
sc1.c_id,
sc2.c_id,
sc1.s_score,
sc2.s_score
FROM
score AS sc1,
score AS sc2
WHERE
sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
AND sc1.s_score = sc2.s_score
AND sc1.c_id != sc2.c_id
3.42.SQL 42——查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
SELECT
sc1.c_id,
sc1.s_id,
count( sc2.s_score ) + 1 AS rank
FROM
score AS sc1
LEFT JOIN score AS sc2 ON sc1.c_id = sc2.c_id
AND sc1.s_score < sc2.s_score
GROUP BY
sc1.c_id,
sc1.s_score,
sc1.s_id
HAVING
count( sc2.s_score ) < 2
ORDER BY
sc1.c_id,
rank
3.43.SQL 43——统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计），要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
SELECT
c_id,
count(*) AS '选修人数'
FROM
score
GROUP BY
c_id
HAVING
count( * ) > 5
ORDER BY
'选修人数' DESC,
c_id ASC
3.44.SQL 44——查询至少选修两门课程的学生学号
SELECT s_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id) >= 2
3.45.SQL 45——查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
SELECT
*
FROM
student
WHERE
# SELECT count(*) FROM course) 查询的是总课程的数量
s_id IN (SELECT s_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id) = (SELECT count(*) FROM course))
3.46.SQL 46——查询各学生的年龄
# 1.按照年份来计算
SELECT
s_id,
s_name,
(YEAR(now()) - YEAR(s_birth)) AS age
FROM
student
/*
2.使用 timestampdiff()
(1) TIMESTAMPDIFF(): 第一个参数设置时间单位，可以精确到年(YEAR)、天(DAY)、小时(HOUR)，分钟(MINUTE)和秒(SECOND)。对于比较
的两个时间，时间小的放在前面，时间大的放在后面。
(3) datediff(): 返回值是相差的天数，无法定位到小时、分钟和秒。
*/
SELECT
s_id,
s_name,
timestampdiff(YEAR, s_birth, now()) AS age
FROM
student
3.47.SQL 47——查询本周过生日的学生
# week(时间): 默认从 0 开始，表示星期天为一个星期的第一天，国外算法
# week(时间, 1): 从 1 开始，表示星期一为一个星期的第一天，国内算法
SELECT
s_id,
s_name
FROM
student
WHERE
WEEK (s_birth) = WEEK (now(), 1)
3.48.SQL 48——查询下周过生日的学生
SELECT
s_id,
s_name
FROM
student
WHERE
WEEK (s_birth) = WEEK (now(), 1) + 1
3.49.SQL 49——查询本月过生日的学生
SELECT
s_id,
s_name
FROM
student
WHERE
MONTH (s_birth) = MONTH (now())
3.50.SQL 50——查询下月过生日的学生
SELECT
s_id,
s_name
FROM
student
WHERE
MONTH (s_birth) = MONTH (now()) + 1
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