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Samba服务——/etc/samba/smb.conf.example

服务 conf etc Example samba SMB
2023-09-27 14:23:59 时间

前言

samba为我们提供了一个案例配置文件,通过学习这个配置文件可以知晓samba服务常用配置选项。

# This is the main Samba configuration file. For detailed information about the
# options listed here, refer to the smb.conf(5) manual page. Samba has a huge
# number of configurable options, most of which are not shown in this example.
#
# The Samba Wiki contains a lot of step-by-step guides installing, configuring,
# and using Samba:
# https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/User_Documentation
#
# In this file, lines starting with a semicolon (;) or a hash (#) are
# comments and are ignored. This file uses hashes to denote commentary and
# semicolons for parts of the file you may wish to configure.
#
# NOTE: Run the "testparm" command after modifying this file to check for basic
# syntax errors.
#
#---------------
# Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) Notes:
#
# Turn the samba_domain_controller Boolean on to allow a Samba PDC to use the
# useradd and groupadd family of binaries. Run the following command as the
# root user to turn this Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# Turn the samba_enable_home_dirs Boolean on if you want to share home
# directories via Samba. Run the following command as the root user to turn this
# Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory, such as a new top-level directory, label it
# with samba_share_t so that SELinux allows Samba to read and write to it. Do
# not label system directories, such as /etc/ and /home/, with samba_share_t, as
# such directories should already have an SELinux label.
#
# Run the "ls -ldZ /path/to/directory" command to view the current SELinux
# label for a given directory.
#
# Set SELinux labels only on files and directories you have created. Use the
# chcon command to temporarily change a label:
# chcon -t samba_share_t /path/to/directory
#
# Changes made via chcon are lost when the file system is relabeled or commands
# such as restorecon are run.
#
# Use the samba_export_all_ro or samba_export_all_rw Boolean to share system
# directories. To share such directories and only allow read-only permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# To share such directories and allow read and write permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# To run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...), copy them to the
# /var/lib/samba/scripts/ directory so that SELinux will allow smbd to run them.
# Note that if you move the scripts to /var/lib/samba/scripts/, they retain
# their existing SELinux labels, which may be labels that SELinux does not allow
# smbd to run. Copying the scripts will result in the correct SELinux labels.
# Run the "restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts" command as the root user to
# apply the correct SELinux labels to these files.
#
#--------------
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]

# ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = the Windows NT domain name or workgroup name, for example, MYGROUP.
#
# server string = the equivalent of the Windows NT Description field.
#
# netbios name = used to specify a server name that is not tied to the hostname,
#                maximum is 15 characters.
#
# interfaces = used to configure Samba to listen on multiple network interfaces.
# If you have multiple interfaces, you can use the "interfaces =" option to
# configure which of those interfaces Samba listens on. Never omit the localhost
# interface (lo).
#
# hosts allow = the hosts allowed to connect. This option can also be used on a
# per-share basis.
#
# hosts deny = the hosts not allowed to connect. This option can also be used on
# a per-share basis.
#
    workgroup = MYGROUP
    server string = Samba Server Version %v

;    netbios name = MYSERVER

;    interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
;    hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.

# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# log file = specify where log files are written to and how they are split.
#
# max log size = specify the maximum size log files are allowed to reach. Log
# files are rotated when they reach the size specified with "max log size".
#

    # log files split per-machine:
    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
    # maximum size of 50KB per log file, then rotate:
    max log size = 50

# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# security = the mode Samba runs in. This can be set to user, share
# (deprecated), or server (deprecated).
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#

    security = user
    passdb backend = tdbsam


# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to domain or ads.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# realm = only use the realm option when the "security = ads" option is set.
# The realm option specifies the Active Directory realm the host is a part of.
#
# password server = only use this option when the "security = server"
# option is set, or if you cannot use DNS to locate a Domain Controller. The
# argument list can include My_PDC_Name, [My_BDC_Name], and [My_Next_BDC_Name]:
#
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
#
# Use "password server = *" to automatically locate Domain Controllers.

;    security = domain
;    passdb backend = tdbsam
;    realm = MY_REALM

;    password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to user for domain controllers.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# domain master = specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser, allowing
# Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Do not use the "domain master"
# option if you already have a Windows NT domain controller performing this task.
#
# domain logons = allows Samba to provide a network logon service for Windows
# workstations.
#
# logon script = specifies a script to run at login time on the client. These
# scripts must be provided in a share named NETLOGON.
#
# logon path = specifies (with a UNC path) where user profiles are stored.
#
#
;    security = user
;    passdb backend = tdbsam

;    domain master = yes
;    domain logons = yes

    # the following login script name is determined by the machine name
    # (%m):
;    logon script = %m.bat
    # the following login script name is determined by the UNIX user used:
;    logon script = %u.bat
;    logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u
    # use an empty path to disable profile support:
;    logon path =

    # various scripts can be used on a domain controller or a stand-alone
    # machine to add or delete corresponding UNIX accounts:

;    add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
;    add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
;    add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
;    delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
;    delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
;    delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"


# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#
# local master = when set to no, Samba does not become the master browser on
# your network. When set to yes, normal election rules apply.
#
# os level = determines the precedence the server has in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable.
#
# preferred master = when set to yes, Samba forces a local browser election at
# start up (and gives itself a slightly higher chance of winning the election).
#
;    local master = no
;    os level = 33
;    preferred master = yes

#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
#
# This section details the support for the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).
#
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS server or a WINS client, but not both.
#
# wins support = when set to yes, the NMBD component of Samba enables its WINS
# server.
#
# wins server = tells the NMBD component of Samba to be a WINS client.
#
# wins proxy = when set to yes, Samba answers name resolution queries on behalf
# of a non WINS capable client. For this to work, there must be at least one
# WINS server on the network. The default is no.
#
# dns proxy = when set to yes, Samba attempts to resolve NetBIOS names via DNS
# nslookups.

;    wins support = yes
;    wins server = w.x.y.z
;    wins proxy = yes

;    dns proxy = yes

# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
#
# The options in this section allow you to configure a non-default printing
# system.
#
# load printers = when set you yes, the list of printers is automatically
# loaded, rather than setting them up individually.
#
# cups options = allows you to pass options to the CUPS library. Setting this
# option to raw, for example, allows you to use drivers on your Windows clients.
#
# printcap name = used to specify an alternative printcap file.
#

    load printers = yes
    cups options = raw

;    printcap name = /etc/printcap
    # obtain a list of printers automatically on UNIX System V systems:
;    printcap name = lpstat
;    printing = cups

# --------------------------- File System Options ---------------------------
#
# The options in this section can be un-commented if the file system supports
# extended attributes, and those attributes are enabled (usually via the
# "user_xattr" mount option). These options allow the administrator to specify
# that DOS attributes are stored in extended attributes and also make sure that
# Samba does not change the permission bits.
#
# Note: These options can be used on a per-share basis. Setting them globally
# (in the [global] section) makes them the default for all shares.

;    map archive = no
;    map hidden = no
;    map read only = no
;    map system = no
;    store dos attributes = yes


#============================ Share Definitions ==============================

[homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    browseable = no
    writable = yes
;    valid users = %S
;    valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S

[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    path = /var/spool/samba
    browseable = no
    guest ok = no
    writable = no
    printable = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons:
;    [netlogon]
;    comment = Network Logon Service
;    path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
;    guest ok = yes
;    writable = no
;    share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roaming profile share.
# The default is to use the user's home directory:
;    [Profiles]
;    path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
;    browseable = no
;    guest ok = yes

# A publicly accessible directory that is read only, except for users in the
# "staff" group (which have write permissions):
;    [public]
;    comment = Public Stuff
;    path = /home/samba
;    public = yes
;    writable = no
;    printable = no
;    write list = +staff
View Code

网络相关配置

[global]

# ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = the Windows NT domain name or workgroup name, for example, MYGROUP.
.....
# hosts deny = the hosts not allowed to connect. This option can also be used on
# a per-share basis.
#
        workgroup = MYGROUP
        server string = Samba Server Version %v

;       netbios name = MYSERVER

;       interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
;       hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.

  注意:#和;都是注释

workgroup

工作组,与Windows下面工作组概念类似。可以把workgroup想象成班级,班级里面的学生就是workgroup中的主机。这些主机除了有自己的名字外,还有”班级“名称,这样划分主机后方便后面管理。

查看WIndows下面工作组

“This PC” or “My Computer” → Properties → Advanced system settings → Computer Name.

又或者cmd→net config workstation

”网上邻居“中发现的主机都属于一个工作组

interfaces

可以灵活绑定特定网卡、IP

hosts allow

可以灵活指定哪些网段,特定主机访问samba server

日志相关配置

# log files split per-machine:
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
# maximum size of 50KB per log file, then rotate:
max log size = 50

  log file

指定日志文件名字,以%m结尾。%m是具体主机名字

max log

指定日志文件大小上限

Standalone Server配置

security = user
passdb backend = tdbsam

  security

可以设置3种,user、share(弃用)、server(弃用)。如果是user,则client访问samba server的时候必须输入账号密码。

passdb backend

如果client输入账号密码,保存在什么位置?tdbsam是一个数据库,当然除了放在数据库种还可以放到文本文件中。

浏览控制相关配置

;       local master = no
;       os level = 33
;       preferred master = yes

  背景知识:主控浏览

如下图网络中,有一台主机作为主控浏览。其作用是,同一网段计算机开机的时候会在本网段广播自己的个人信息:我是XXX组,我的名字是XXX。主控浏览收集这些信息并缓存,当我点开”网络邻居“的时候,我的主机就会像本网段的主控浏览申请本网段主机信息,进而显示出本网段的主机。主控浏览需要选举,依靠的就是os level,值越高越容易成为主控浏览。

local master

如果为no,表示samba server不会成为主控浏览。如果是yes,则依据上面讲的主控浏览选举规则参与竞选主控浏览。

名称解析相关配置

;       wins support = yes
;       wins server = w.x.y.z
;       wins proxy = yes

;       dns proxy = yes

  这些配置主要用于控制对WINS(Windows Internet Name Service)的支持。Samba可以成为WINS server 或者 a WINS client,但是不能同时兼具两者身份。

A计算机可以通过主机名访问B,即\\B,他这是通过发广播,主控浏览响应这个广播。但是广播不能跨越广播域,因此D不能通过\\C的方式访问另一个网段的C主机,使用WINS服务可以解决。