（4.5）sql server授权/权限操作/查看权限，权限控制

--（1）把实例登录名添加到服务器角色
ALTER SERVER ROLE [sysadmin] ADD MEMBER [WIN-IUPGVIBG48A\sqladmin]   -- 把登录名添加到角色

--（2）把数据库用户名添加到数据库角色
use db;
EXEC sp_addrolemember N'db_datareader', N'test_user'
GO

--（3）授权,库级,test为库名，test_1为数据库用户，test6为表名，dbo为架构名；

use test;
grant select,insert,update,delete  to test_1; --给予test_1用户对于 test库中所有表都可以增删查改
-- grant select,insert,update,delete to database::test to test_1
grant execute to test_1; --给予 test_1 用户对于 test 库中的SP、函数等执行权限；

--（4）授权，表级 grant select,insert,update,delete on test.dbo.test6 to test_1; --在任意环境下执行，给予 test_1 用户 对 test.dbo.test6 表的 增删改查权限 

use test ; -- 在库下，给 test库 t1表权限给 test002
GRANT SELECT ON T1 TO test002;--REVOKE

-- （5）授权，表字段级 
GRANT SELECT(Id,Name) ON T1 TO test002;--REVOKE

SELECT sp.name AS [login_name]  
,CASE WHEN sp.[type]='S' THEN 'SQL 登录名'    
    WHEN sp.[type]='U' THEN 'Windows 登录名'    
    WHEN sp.[type]='G' THEN 'Windows 组'    
    WHEN sp.[type]='R' THEN '服务器角色'    
    WHEN sp.[type]='C' THEN '映射到证书的登录名'    
    WHEN sp.[type]='K' THEN '映射到非对称密钥的登录名'    
END AS [principal_type]  
,sp.is_disabled  
,ISNULL(sp.default_database_name,'') as [default_database_name]  
,ISNULL(rsp.name,'public') AS [server_role]    
,STUFF((SELECT ','+permission_name FROM sys.server_permissions spp where sp.principal_id=spp.grantee_principal_id for xml path('')),1,1,'') as [permissions]  
FROM sys.server_principals sp     
LEFT JOIN sys.server_role_members srm ON sp.principal_id=srm.member_principal_id     
LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals rsp ON srm.role_principal_id=rsp.principal_id   
where rsp.name  is not null
ORDER BY [principal_type],sp.principal_id 
--授权服务器角色
select N'EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember  N''' +sp.name+ ''' ,N''' + rsp.name+''' '
FROM sys.server_principals sp     
LEFT JOIN sys.server_role_members srm ON sp.principal_id=srm.member_principal_id     
LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals rsp ON srm.role_principal_id=rsp.principal_id   
where rsp.name  is not null

--  授予【数据库角色成员身份】权限  
SELECT 'exec sp_addrolemember N'''+g.name+''', N'''+u.name+''''  
FROM sys.database_principals u  
inner join sys.database_role_members m on u.principal_id = m.member_principal_id  
inner join sys.database_principals g on g.principal_id = m.role_principal_id  
ORDER BY g.name,u.name  
--  授予【安全对象】权限  
SELECT N'grant '+B.permission_name  collate chinese_prc_ci_ai_ws+N' on ['+A.name+N'] to ['+C.name+N']'  
FROM sys.sysobjects A(NOLOCK)   
INNER JOIN sys.database_permissions B(NOLOCK) ON A.id=B.major_id   
INNER JOIN sys.database_principals C(NOLOCK) ON B.grantee_principal_id=C.principal_id  
--WHERE C.name='kk' --A.name='objectName'

Declare @login varchar(200),@role varchar(200), @login_pwd varchar(200)
Set @login='test'
Set @login_pwd='123456'
SET @role='db_datareader'
DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(max)
SET @sql=CAST('use master;CREATE LOGIN '+@login+' WITH PASSWORD=N'''+@login_pwd +''', DEFAULT_DATABASE=[master], CHECK_EXPIRATION=OFF, CHECK_POLICY=OFF; GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO '+@login+';
GRANT VIEW ANY DEFINITION TO '+@login+';' AS VARCHAR(max))
select @sql=@sql+CAST('use ['+name+'];CREATE USER '+@login+' FOR LOGIN '+@login+';
EXEC sp_addrolemember N'''+@role+''', N'''+@login+''';'+CHAR(10) AS VARCHAR(max)) 
from master.sys.databases where state=0 and database_id>4 and source_database_id is null and is_read_only=0
EXEC(@sql)
Go


-- 从库建立相同sid 登录名即可
select 'create login '+name+' with password=''123456'',sid='+master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(sid)+' ,CHECK_EXPIRATION=OFF, CHECK_POLICY=OFF;' 
from  sys.server_principals where name='test';

USE [master]
GO
if not exists(select 1 from sys.syslogins where name = 'ruser')
begin
    print 'create login'
    CREATE LOGIN [ruser] WITH PASSWORD=N'suy6NfT6cJcsZsmFt', DEFAULT_DATABASE=[master], CHECK_EXPIRATION=OFF, CHECK_POLICY=OFF
end
else
    print 'exists login'
GO

use BOX_logCenter;
if not exists(select * from sys.sysusers where name ='ruser')
begin
    print 'create user'
    create user ruser for login ruser;
end
else
    print  'exists user'

grant select on tTeaNew_Money to ruser;
grant select on tTeaHisBillScore to ruser;

use test
go

DECLARE  @Database varchar(255),
@loginName varchar(255),
@roleName varchar(255),
@sql nvarchar(max);
 SET @sql=N'';
 
DECLARE curLogin CURSOR LOCAL for
select db_name() as dbname,dp.name as username,dpr.name as rolename 
from sys.database_principals dp 
join sys.database_role_members drm on drm.member_principal_id=dp.principal_id
join sys.database_principals dpr on drm.role_principal_id=dpr.principal_id 
join sys.server_principals sp on sp.name=dp.name
where 1=1
and dpr.is_fixed_role=1  
and dp.type<>'R'
and dp.type in('S','U','G') --SQL USER,WINDOWS USER AND windows group
order by username,rolename

OPEN curLogin;
FETCH NEXT FROM curLogin INTO @Database,@loginName,@roleName;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
     SET @sql=@sql+N'
     use '+@Database+';
     if not exists(select * from '+@Database+'.sys.database_principals where name='''+@LoginName+''') 
     begin
        CREATE USER '+QUOTENAME(@LoginName)+' with login = '+quotename(@loginName)+';
     end
     else 
     begin
        ALTER USER '+QUOTENAME(@LoginName)+' with login = '+QUOTENAME(@LoginName)+'
     end;
 '
 print @sql
 --exec sp_executesql @sql
 select @sql=@sql+N'
 use '+@Database+';
 exec sp_addrolemember '+@roleName+', '+@LoginName+''
FETCH NEXT FROM curLogin INTO @Database,@loginName,@roleName;
END
CLOSE curLogin
DEALLOCATE curLogin;

print len(@sql)
print @sql --this will be truncated 
go

-- #temp1
declare @newdb nvarchar(200),@olddb nvarchar(200)
select @olddb='QPRecordDB_210716',@newdb='QPRecordDB' --modify here

use tempdb
if object_id('#temp1') is not null
drop table  #temp1

use QPRecordDB_210716  --modify here,olddb

select 
db_name() as dbname,dp.name as username,dpr.name as rolename ,row_number() over(order by dp.name) as rn
into #temp1
from sys.database_principals dp 
join sys.database_role_members drm on drm.member_principal_id=dp.principal_id
join sys.database_principals dpr on drm.role_principal_id=dpr.principal_id 
join sys.server_principals sp on sp.name=dp.name
where 1=1
and dpr.is_fixed_role=1  
and dp.type<>'R'
and dp.type in('S','U','G') --SQL USER,WINDOWS USER AND windows group
order by username,rolename

-- main
declare @rn int,@rn_count int
declare @sql nvarchar(max)

declare @loginName nvarchar(200),@roleName nvarchar(200)

set @sql=N''
set @rn=1
select @rn_count=count(1) from #temp1

while @rn<=@rn_count
begin
    select @loginName=username,@roleName=rolename from #temp1 where rn=@rn
    set @sql=@sql+N'
    use '+@newdb+';
     if not exists(select * from '+@newdb+'.sys.database_principals where name='''+@newdb+''') 
     begin
        CREATE USER '+QUOTENAME(@LoginName)+' for login '+quotename(@loginName)+';
     end
'    

select @sql=@sql+N'
use '+@newdb+';
exec sp_addrolemember '+@roleName+', '+@LoginName+''

set @rn=@rn+1
end
print @sql
exec sp_executesql @sql

use master;
if object_id('copy_privileges') is not null
drop proc copy_privileges
go

create proc copy_privileges
@olddb nvarchar(255),
@newdb nvarchar(255)
as
begin
-- get privileges info
    DECLARE @privileges Table 
　　      ( 
　　      dbname varchar(255), 
　　      username varchar(255), 
　　      rolename  varchar(255), 
        rn int
    )
    insert into @privileges
    exec('
    select 
    db_name() as dbname,dp.name as username,dpr.name as rolename ,row_number() over(order by dp.name) as rn
    from '+@olddb+'.sys.database_principals dp 
    join '+@olddb+'.sys.database_role_members drm on drm.member_principal_id=dp.principal_id
    join '+@olddb+'.sys.database_principals dpr on drm.role_principal_id=dpr.principal_id 
    join '+@olddb+'.sys.server_principals sp on sp.name=dp.name
    where 1=1
    and dpr.is_fixed_role=1  
    and dp.type<>''R''
    and dp.type in(''S'',''U'',''G'') --SQL USER,WINDOWS USER AND windows group
    order by username,rolename
    ')

-- main
    declare @rn int,@rn_count int
    declare @sql nvarchar(max)
    declare @loginName nvarchar(200),@roleName nvarchar(200)

    set @sql=N''
    set @rn=1
    select @rn_count=count(1) from @privileges

    while @rn<=@rn_count
    begin
        select @loginName=username,@roleName=rolename from @privileges where rn=@rn
        set @sql=@sql+N'
        use '+@newdb+';
         if not exists(select * from '+@newdb+'.sys.database_principals where name='''+@loginName+''') 
         begin
            CREATE USER '+QUOTENAME(@LoginName)+' for login '+quotename(@loginName)+';
         end
    '    
        select @sql=@sql+N'
        use '+@newdb+';
        exec sp_addrolemember '+@roleName+', '+@LoginName+''
        set @rn=@rn+1
    end
    print @sql
    exec sp_executesql @sql
end

go
-- run proc
use master;
go
copy_privileges 'test100','test22'

---------------------------------begin copy grant info -----------------
use master;
if object_id('copy_privileges') is not null
drop proc copy_privileges
go

create proc copy_privileges
@olddb nvarchar(255),
@newdb nvarchar(255)
as
begin
-- get privileges info
DECLARE @privileges Table 
( 
dbname varchar(255), 
username varchar(255), 
rolename  varchar(255), 
rn int
)
insert into @privileges
exec('
select 
db_name() as dbname,dp.name as username,dpr.name as rolename ,row_number() over(order by dp.name) as rn
from '+@olddb+'.sys.database_principals dp 
join '+@olddb+'.sys.database_role_members drm on drm.member_principal_id=dp.principal_id
join '+@olddb+'.sys.database_principals dpr on drm.role_principal_id=dpr.principal_id 
join '+@olddb+'.sys.server_principals sp on sp.name=dp.name
where 1=1
and dpr.is_fixed_role=1  
and dp.type<>''R''
and dp.type in(''S'',''U'',''G'') --SQL USER,WINDOWS USER AND windows group
order by username,rolename
')

-- main
declare @rn int,@rn_count int
declare @sql nvarchar(max)
declare @loginName nvarchar(200),@roleName nvarchar(200)

set @sql=N''
set @rn=1
select @rn_count=count(1) from @privileges

while @rn<=@rn_count
begin
select @loginName=username,@roleName=rolename from @privileges where rn=@rn
set @sql=@sql+N'
use '+@newdb+';
if not exists(select * from '+@newdb+'.sys.database_principals where name='''+@loginName+''') 
begin
CREATE USER '+QUOTENAME(@LoginName)+' for login '+quotename(@loginName)+';
end
'    
select @sql=@sql+N'
use '+@newdb+';
exec sp_addrolemember '+@roleName+', '+@LoginName+''
set @rn=@rn+1
end
print @sql
exec sp_executesql @sql
end

go
-- run proc
use master;
go
DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(300),@db_name VARCHAR(500)
DECLARE @olddb VARCHAR(500),@newdb VARCHAR(500)
SET @newdb='QPRecordDB'
select @olddb=@db_name+'_'+convert(varchar(100),getdate(),12)
exec copy_privileges @olddb,@newdb

go
drop proc copy_privileges
---------------------------------end copy grant info -----------------

SELECT  'CREATE LOGIN [' + p.name + '] '
       + CASE WHEN p.type IN ( 'U', 'G' ) THEN 'FROM windows '
              ELSE ''
         END + 'WITH ' + CASE WHEN p.type = 'S'
                              THEN 'password = '
                                   + master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(l.password_hash)
                                   + ' hashed, ' + 'sid = '
                                   + master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(l.sid)
                                   + ', check_expiration = '
                                   + CASE WHEN l.is_expiration_checked > 0
                                          THEN 'ON, '
                                          ELSE 'OFF, '
                                     END + 'check_policy = '
                                   + CASE WHEN l.is_policy_checked > 0
                                          THEN 'ON, '
                                          ELSE 'OFF, '
                                     END
                                   + CASE WHEN l.credential_id > 0
                                          THEN 'credential = ' + c.name
                                               + ', '
                                          ELSE ''
                                     END
                              ELSE ''
                         END + 'default_database = '
       + p.default_database_name
       + CASE WHEN LEN(p.default_language_name) > 0
              THEN ', default_language = ' + p.default_language_name
              ELSE ''
         END
FROM    sys.server_principals p
       LEFT JOIN sys.sql_logins l
       ON p.principal_id = l.principal_id
       LEFT JOIN sys.credentials c
       ON l.credential_id = c.credential_id
WHERE   p.type IN ( 'S', 'U', 'G' )
       --AND p.name NOT IN ( 'sa')
               AND p.name NOT LIKE '%##%'
               AND p.name NOT LIKE '%NT SERVICE%'
               AND p.name NOT LIKE '%NT AUTHORITY%'

--1、GRANT 将安全对象的权限授予主体。

GRANT SELECT ON Marketing.Salesperson(SalespersonID, EmailAlias)

--2、DENY 　拒绝授予主体权限。防止主体通过其组或角色成员身份继承权限。

DENY SELECT ON Schema::Customers FROM Sales　　　　

--3、REVOKE　　取消以前授予或拒绝了的权限。

REVOKE SELECT ON Object::Regions FROM UserA

DENY SELECT ON Schema::Customers FROM Sales 
-- GRANT SELECT ON Schema::Customers to Sales 

-- GRANT SELECT　On Schema::dbo from test;
DENY SELECT ON Schema::Customers FROM UserA

REVOKE SELECT ON Object::Regions FROM UserA
-- GRANT SELECT ON Object::Regions FROM UserA

DENY SELECT ON Object::Regions FROM sales
GRANT SELECT ON Object::Regions To sales

DENY SELECT ON Object::Regions FROM UserA

REVOKE SELECT ON Schema::Customers FROM Sales 

--（1）库.架构.表名形式
GRANT SELECT ON db.schema.object_table(column1,column2..) TO test_1;

--（2）切换到库，架构.表名形式
use db;
GRANT SELECT ON schema.object_table(column1,column2..) TO test_1;

use db;

GRANT SELECT ON Marketing.Salesperson(SalespersonID, EmailAlias) TO James;
GO

DENY SELECT ON Marketing.Salesperson TO Holly;
GO

GRANT SELECT ON Marketing.Salesperson(SalespersonID, FirstName, LastName) TO Holly;
GO

GRANT UPDATE ON Marketing.Salesperson TO James WITH GRANT OPTION;
GO

REVOKE UPDATE ON Marketing.Salesperson FROM James CASCADE;
GO

exec xp_logininfo 'windows_acount','ALL'  --域用户格式为：domain_name\account_name

--是否存在有效的登录账号：是否被禁用，sql login还有：密码是否过期，是否被锁定
select is_disabled
,loginproperty(name,'Isexpired') is_expired
,loginproperty(name,'Islocked') is_locked
,* 
from sys.server_principals
where name = 'test_login'

USE DBA
GO

--检查是否有数据库的CONNECT权限即可
select b.* from sys.database_principals a
inner join sys.database_permissions b
on a.principal_id = b.grantee_principal_id
where SUSER_SNAME(a.sid) = 'test_login'
and b.permission_name = 'CONNECT'

--老的系统表sysusers也可以检查
SELECT name, hasdbaccess,* FROM sysusers a
WHERE SUSER_SNAME(a.sid) = 'test_login'

USE DBA
GO
EXECUTE AS user = 'test_user'
GO
--对象权限
SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('Sales.SalesPerson', 'OBJECT', 'INSERT');
SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('sp_send_dbmail', 'OBJECT', 'EXEC');
--架构权限
SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('test_schema', 'SCHEMA', 'SELECT');
REVERT;
GO

USE master
GO
EXECUTE AS login = 'test_login'
GO
--登录权限，本机前2个参数为空即可
SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME(NULL, NULL, 'CONNECT SQL');
REVERT;
GO

USE DBA
GO
EXECUTE AS user = 'test_user'
GO
--数据库权限
SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME(db_name(), 'DATABASE', 'CONNECT');
REVERT;

--列出所有可访问的数据库
SELECT *
FROM sys.databases
WHERE HAS_DBACCESS(name) = 1

SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('test_sp', 'Object' , 'Execute')
SELECT HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME('test', 'Database' , 'Execute')

--实例级权限
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER'); 
--数据库级权限
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions ('DBA', 'DATABASE'); 
--对象权限，只能一个个对象检查，不能一次返回所有对象权限，和HAS_PERMS_BY_NAME类似
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions ('test_grant', 'OBJECT');