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矩阵

矩阵
2023-09-11 14:19:51 时间

1. 概念

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1)矩阵的维度--Matrix Dimension or Order

The dimension or order of a matrix is the expression m × n where m is the number of rows, and n is the number of columns.


2)方形矩阵--Square Matrix

行与列个数相等的矩阵

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3)列矢量--Column Vector

只有一列元素的矩阵

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4)行矢量--Row Vector

只有一行元素的矩阵

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4)空矩阵--Null Matrix

所有元素都为0的矩阵

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5)单位矩阵--Unit Matrix

所有主对角元素(从a00到ann)都为1,其它元素为0的矩阵

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6)方阵的迹--Trace

所有主对角元素(从a00到ann)的和

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1.可用于计算一点围绕原点的旋转角度

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image



7)方阵的行列式--Determinant of a Matrix

The determinant of a matrix is a scalar value computed from the elements of the matrix

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8)转置--Transpose

矩阵行元素与列元素进行交换形成的矩阵

image    image

性质:

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9)对称矩阵--Symmetric Matrix

矩阵与其转置矩阵相同的矩阵,即image

image


生成一个对称矩阵

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10)反对称矩阵--Antisymmetric Matrix/skew-symmetric matrix

转置矩阵与其负矩阵相同的矩阵,即 image

它的主对角元素全为0,其它元素为image

image


生成一个反对称矩阵

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2. 操作

1)加减法--Matrix Addition and Subtraction

对应元素相加/减

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2)标量相乘--Scalar Multiplication

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3)矩阵积--Matrix Products

1.行列矢量的乘积--Row and Column Vectors

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2.行矢量与矩阵的乘积--Row Vector and a Matrix

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3.矩阵与列矢量的乘积--Matrix and a Column Vector

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4.方阵乘积--Square Matrices

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5.矩形矩阵的乘积--Rectangular Matrices

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4)逆矩阵--Inverse Matrix

满足 image条件,且image唯一


当一个方阵的行列式的值为0时,它没有逆矩阵,它被称为奇异矩阵(singular matrix)


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5)求一对矩阵的逆--Inverting a Pair of Matrices

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6)正交矩阵--Orthogonal Matrix

A matrix is orthogonal if its transpose is also its inverse,即 image

例如:

image

正交矩阵的作用:Orthogonal matrices play an important role in rotations because they leave the origin fixed and preserve all angles and distances. Consequently, an object’s geometric integrity is maintained after a rotation, which is why an orthogonal transform is known as a rigid motion transform(刚体运动变换)


6)对角矩阵--Diagonal Matrix

除主对角上的元素外,其它元素全为0的矩阵

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