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38 爬虫 - BeautifulSoup4遍历文档树

文档遍历爬虫 38
2023-09-11 14:15:43 时间

1. 直接子节点 ：.contents .children 属性

1.1 .content

tag 的 .content 属性可以将tag的子节点以列表的方式输出

print soup.head.contents 
#[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>]

输出方式为列表，我们可以用列表索引来获取它的某一个元素

print soup.head.contents[0]
#<title>The Dormouse's story</title>

1.2 .children

它返回的不是一个 list，不过我们可以通过遍历获取所有子节点。

我们打印输出 .children 看一下，可以发现它是一个 list 生成器对象

print soup.head.children
#<listiterator object at 0x7f71457f5710>

for child in  soup.body.children:
    print child

结果:

<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>

2. 所有子孙节点: .descendants属性

.contents 和 .children 属性仅包含tag的直接子节点，.descendants 属性可以对所有tag的子孙节点进行递归循环，和 children类似，我们也需要遍历获取其中的内容。

for child in soup.descendants:
    print child

运行结果：


<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
</body></html>
<head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
The Dormouse's story


<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>


<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<b>The Dormouse's story</b>
The Dormouse's story


<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were

<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>
 Elsie 
,

<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>
Lacie
 and

<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>
Tillie
;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.


<p class="story">...</p>
...

3. 节点内容: .string 属性

如果tag只有一个 NavigableString 类型子节点,那么这个tag可以使用 .string 得到子节点。如果一个tag仅有一个子节点,那么这个tag也可以使用 .string 方法,输出结果与当前唯一子节点的 .string 结果相同。

通俗点说就是：如果一个标签里面没有标签了，那么 .string 就会返回标签里面的内容。如果标签里面只有唯一的一个标签了，那么 .string 也会返回最里面的内容。例如：

print soup.head.string
#The Dormouse's story
print soup.title.string
#The Dormouse's story

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