目录结构

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文章快速说明索引

学习目标：

因为最近需要整理一批HTML文档到Word，鉴于网上的相关转换方法实在是解决不了太大问题。后来想到Python下可以直接调用相关方法来完成转换工作。并也趁此机会把自己Python的学习环境转移到Linux环境下，于是这篇博客将从头开始搭建Python环境和Python实现HTML文档转Word方式。

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学习内容：（详见目录）

1、安装Python
2、安装pip以及setuptools工具
3、Python实现html转word

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学习时间：

2020年9月15日04:45:20

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学习产出：

1、Python基础学习环境搭建（Linux）
2、CSDN 技术博客 1篇
3、Python实现html转word方式

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Linux 安装 Python

在开始之前我们先检查一下我们的Python环境是否存在：

[postgres@local64 ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.5
[postgres@local64 ~]$ 

这里我们最好不用动现有的python2环境，直接忽略它就可以了！

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下面是Python环境的官网：Index of /ftp/python/

这里我们选择一个稳定且较新的Python3版本 3.8.0，其下载链接就是：Python-3.8.0.tgz

第一步：下载python3.8安装包到目录

wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tgz

注：如果很慢的话，建议：使用迅雷打开这个链接 3秒钟下载完成，然后传送到虚拟机里面。

第二步：解压并开始安装

解压：

tar -zxvf Python-3.8.0.tgz

配置参数并生成Makefile：

./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/python/pythonLocation --enable-shared

[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ pwd
/home/postgres/python/Python-3.8.0
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$

上面是自己喜欢的安装目录，接下来编译安装：

make && make install

去bin目录下制作软连接：

...
Looking in links: /tmp/tmpv355fn2c
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-19.2.3 setuptools-41.2.0
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ 
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ pwd
/home/postgres/python/Python-3.8.0
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ 
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ cd ..
[postgres@local64 python]$ ls
Python-3.8.0  Python-3.8.0.tgz  pythonLocation
[postgres@local64 python]$ 
[postgres@local64 python]$ cd pythonLocation/
[postgres@local64 pythonLocation]$ ls
bin  include  lib  share
[postgres@local64 pythonLocation]$ cd bin/
[postgres@local64 bin]$ pwd
/home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/bin
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ ls
2to3  2to3-3.8  easy_install-3.8  idle3  idle3.8  pip3  pip3.8  pydoc3  pydoc3.8  python3  python3.8  python3.8-config  python3-config
[postgres@local64 bin]$ sudo ln -s /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3
[sudo] password for postgres: 
[postgres@local64 bin]$

去lib目录下面拷贝相关库文件：

[postgres@local64 bin]$ cd ../lib/
[postgres@local64 lib]$ 
[postgres@local64 lib]$ pwd
/home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/lib
[postgres@local64 lib]$ 
[postgres@local64 lib]$ ls
libpython3.8.so  libpython3.8.so.1.0  libpython3.so  pkgconfig  python3.8
[postgres@local64 lib]$ 
[postgres@local64 lib]$ sudo cp -r ./* /usr/lib64/
[postgres@local64 lib]$

下面来验证一下：（最好切换一个别的无关目录）

[postgres@local64 ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.5
[postgres@local64 ~]$ 
[postgres@local64 ~]$ python3 -V
Python 3.8.0
[postgres@local64 ~]$

第三步：pip以及setuptools工具的安装

[postgres@local64 bin]$ pip install --upgrade setuptools
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/lib/python3.8/site-packages (41.2.0)
Collecting setuptools
  Using cached setuptools-62.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
Installing collected packages: setuptools
  Attempting uninstall: setuptools
    Found existing installation: setuptools 41.2.0
    Uninstalling setuptools-41.2.0:
      Successfully uninstalled setuptools-41.2.0
Successfully installed setuptools-62.3.2
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 

注：我在上面编译安装的时候，发现已经生成了pip工具。在安装目录下的bin里面：

[postgres@local64 bin]$ ls
2to3  2to3-3.8  easy_install-3.8  idle3  idle3.8  pip3  pip3.8  pydoc3  pydoc3.8  python3  python3.8  python3.8-config  python3-config
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ pwd
/home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/bin
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ ./pip3 -V
pip 19.2.3 from /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ ./pip3.8 -V
pip 19.2.3 from /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
[postgres@local64 bin]$

OK，还是和上面一下，制作一个软连接：

[postgres@local64 bin]$ ls
2to3  2to3-3.8  easy_install-3.8  idle3  idle3.8  pip3  pip3.8  pydoc3  pydoc3.8  python3  python3.8  python3.8-config  python3-config
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ pip -V
bash: pip: command not found...
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ pwd
/home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/bin
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ sudo ln -s /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip
[postgres@local64 bin]$ 
[postgres@local64 bin]$ pip -V
pip 19.2.3 from /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
[postgres@local64 bin]$

下面我们通过安装一下第三方库来验证一下其有效性：（毕竟丰富的第三方库是python的优势所在，为了更加方便的安装第三方库 我们 需要pip）

OK，下面看一下：

[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ pip list
Package      Version
------------ -------
bcrypt       3.2.0  
cffi         1.14.2 
cryptography 3.1    
paramiko     2.7.2  
pip          19.2.3 
pycparser    2.20   
PyNaCl       1.4.0  
setuptools   41.2.0 
six          1.15.0 
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$

实现HTML转Word

安装相关模块工具：

sudo yum install pandoc
pip install pypandoc

[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ sudo yum install pandoc
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * centos-sclo-rh: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * centos-sclo-sclo: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn
Package pandoc-1.12.3.1-2.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ pip3 install pypandoc
bash: pip3: command not found...
Similar command is: 'pip'
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ pip install pypandoc
Collecting pypandoc
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d6/b7/5050dc1769c8a93d3ec7c4bd55be161991c94b8b235f88bf7c764449e708/pypandoc-1.5.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pypandoc) (41.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pip>=8.1.0 in /home/postgres/python/pythonLocation/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pypandoc) (19.2.3)
Collecting wheel>=0.25.0 (from pypandoc)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a7/00/3df031b3ecd5444d572141321537080b40c1c25e1caa3d86cdd12e5e919c/wheel-0.35.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: wheel, pypandoc
  Running setup.py install for pypandoc ... done
Successfully installed pypandoc-1.5 wheel-0.35.1
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$ pip list
Package      Version
------------ -------
bcrypt       3.2.0  
cffi         1.14.2 
cryptography 3.1    
paramiko     2.7.2  
pip          19.2.3 
pycparser    2.20   
PyNaCl       1.4.0  
pypandoc     1.5    
setuptools   41.2.0 
six          1.15.0 
wheel        0.35.1 
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[postgres@local64 Python-3.8.0]$

开始我们的转换：

import pypandoc
output = pypandoc.convert_file('1.html', 'docx', outputfile="1.docx")

结果如下：