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玩转华为ENSP模拟器系列 | 两个网关之间存在NAT设备时通过IKE方式协商IPSec VdPdNd隧道（总部通过NAT前的IP认证分支）

设备认证华为IP 系列 方式 通过 分支
2023-09-14 09:09:06 时间

素材来源：华为防火墙配置指南

一边学习一边整理试验笔记，并与大家分享，侵权即删，谢谢支持！

附上汇总贴：玩转华为ENSP模拟器系列 | 合集_COCOgsta的博客-CSDN博客_华为模拟器实验

目标

在实际组网应用中，如果发起者位于一个私网内部，而它希望在自己与远端响应者之间直接建立一条IPSec隧道，这种情况会对部署IPSec VPN网络造成障碍。这就需要IPSec与NAT进行结合。

组网需求

图1所示的网络环境如下：

  • 总部属于10.1.1.0/24子网，通过接口GE1/0/1与FW_A连接。
  • 分支机构属于10.1.2.0/24子网，通过接口GE1/0/1与FW_C连接。
  • FW_A和FW_C路由可达。
  • FW_B为NAT网关，分支用户必须经过NAT网关才能访问总部。

分支机构的员工需要访问总部的服务器。由于服务器信息较机密，数据经过Internet传输不安全，故需建立IPSec隧道来对传输数据进行加密。

配置思路

  • 总部和分支机构的网关之间存在NAT设备，此时在总部配置ISAKMP方式IPSec安全策略，采用NAT转换前的IP地址认证分支。
  • 配置IPSec安全提议时，安全协议必须采用ESP协议，ESP协议为安全协议的默认配置，可以不配置。

操作步骤

  1. 配置FW_A的基础配置。

    1. 基础配置。

      1. 配置接口IP地址。
      2. <sysname> system-view
[sysname] sysname FW_A
[FW_A] interface gigabitethernet 1 / 0 / 1
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 10.1.1.1  24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit [FW_A] interface gigabitethernet 1 / 0 / 2
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 1.1.2.1  24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
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      3. 将接口加入相应的安全区域。
      4. [FW_A] firewall zone trust
[FW_A-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1 / 0 / 1
[FW_A-zone-trust] quit [FW_A] firewall zone untrust
[FW_A-zone-untrust] add interface gigabitethernet 1 / 0 / 2
[FW_A-zone-untrust] quit
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    2. 配置域间安全策略

      1. 配置Trust域与Untrust域之间的域间安全策略。
      2. [FW_A] security-policy
[FW_A-policy-security] rule name policy1
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 10.1.1.0  24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-address 10.1.2.0  24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit
[FW_A-policy-security] rule name policy2
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy2] source-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy2] destination-zone trust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy2] source-address 10.1.2.0  24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy2] destination-address 10.1.1.0  24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy2] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy2] quit
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      3. 配置Untrust域与Local域之间的域间安全策略。
      4. [FW_A-policy-security] rule name policy3
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy3] source-zone local
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy3] destination-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy3] source-address 1.1.2.1  32
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy3] destination-address 1.1.5.1  32
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy3] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy3] quit
[FW_A-policy-security] rule name policy4
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy4] source-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy4] destination-zone local
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy4] source-address 1.1.5.1  32
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy4] destination-address 1.1.2.1  32
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy4] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-policy4] quit
[FW_A-policy-security] quit
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    3. 配置到达分支机构的静态路由，此处假设下一跳地址为1.1.2.2。

    4. [FW_A] ip route- static  10.1.2.0  255.255.255.0  1.1.2.2
[FW_A] ip route- static  10.1.5.0  255.255.255.0  1.1.2.2
复制代码

  1. 在FW_A上配置IPSec。

    1. 定义被保护的数据流。
    2. [FW_A] acl 3000
[FW_A-acl-adv-3000] rule 5 permit ip source 10.1.1.0  0.0.0.255 destination 10.1.2.0  0.0.0.255
[FW_A-acl-adv-3000] quit
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    3. 配置IPSec安全提议tran1。采用默认参数。
    4. [FW_A] ipsec proposal tran1
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp authentication-algorithm sha2- 256
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp encryption-algorithm aes- 256
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] quit
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    5. 配置IKE安全提议。采用默认参数。
    6. [FW_A] ike proposal 10
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] authentication-method pre-share
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] prf hmac-sha2- 256
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] encryption-algorithm aes- 256
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] dh group2
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2- 256
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] quit
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    7. 配置IKE Peer。
    8. [FW_A] ike peer c
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] ike-proposal 10
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] local-id-type ip
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] remote-id-type ip
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] remote-id 10.1.5.2
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] remote-address 1.1.5.1
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] remote-address authentication-address 10.1.5.2
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] pre-shared-key Test ! 1234
[FW_A-ike-peer-c] quit
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    9. 配置IPSec安全策略。
    10. [FW_A] ipsec policy map1 10 isakmp
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] security acl 3000
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] proposal tran1
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] ike-peer c
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] quit
复制代码
    11. 在接口GE1/0/2上应用IPSec策略组map1。
    12. [FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet  1 / 0 / 2
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ipsec policy map1
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
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  1. 配置FW_C的基础配置。

    1. 配置接口IP地址，并将接口加入域。 请根据图1的数据配置接口IP地址。 将接口GE1/0/1加入Trust区域，接口GE1/0/2加入Untrust区域。 详细步骤可参见FW_A的配置。

    2. 配置域间安全策略。

      1. 配置Trust域与Untrust域之间的域间安全策略。
      2. [FW_C] security-policy
[FW_C-policy-security] rule name policy1
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 10.1.2.0  24
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-address 10.1.1.0  24
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit
[FW_C-policy-security] rule name policy2
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy2] source-zone untrust
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy2] destination-zone trust
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy2] source-address 10.1.1.0  24
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy2] destination-address 10.1.2.0  24
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy2] action permit
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy2] quit
复制代码
      3. 打开Untrust域与Local域之间的域间安全策略。
      4. [FW_C-policy-security] rule name policy3
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy3] source-zone local
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy3] destination-zone untrust
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy3] source-address 10.1.5.2  32
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy3] destination-address 1.1.2.1  32
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy3] action permit
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy3] quit
[FW_C-policy-security] rule name policy4
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy4] source-zone untrust
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy4] destination-zone local
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy4] source-address 1.1.2.1  32
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy4] destination-address 10.1.5.2  32
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy4] action permit
[FW_C-policy-security-rule-policy4] quit
[FW_C-policy-security] quit
复制代码

    3. 配置达到总部的静态路由，下一跳地址为10.1.5.1。

    4. [FW_C] ip route- static  10.1.1.0  255.255.255.0  10.1.5.1
[FW_C] ip route- static  1.1.2.0  255.255.255.0  10.1.5.1
复制代码

  1. 在FW_C上配置IPSec策略。

    1. 定义被保护的数据流。
    2. [FW_C] acl 3000
[FW_C-acl-adv-3000] rule 5 permit ip source 10.1.2.0  0.0.0.255 destination 10.1.1.0  0.0.0.255
[FW_C-acl-adv-3000] quit
复制代码
    3. 配置IPSec安全提议tran1。采用默认参数。
    4. [FW_C] ipsec proposal tran1
[FW_C-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp authentication-algorithm sha2- 256
[FW_C-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp encryption-algorithm aes- 256
[FW_C-ipsec-proposal-tran1] quit
复制代码
    5. 配置IKE安全提议。采用默认参数。
    6. [FW_C] ike proposal 10
[FW_C-ike-proposal-10] authentication-method pre-share
[FW_C-ike-proposal-10] prf hmac-sha2- 256
[FW_C-ike-proposal-10] encryption-algorithm aes- 256
[FW_C-ike-proposal-10] dh group2
[FW_C-ike-proposal-10] integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2- 256  
[FW_C-ike-proposal-10] quit
复制代码
    7. 配置IKE Peer。
    8. [FW_C] ike peer a
[FW_C-ike-peer-a] ike-proposal 10
[FW_C-ike-peer-a] local-id-type ip
[FW_C-ike-peer-a] remote-id-type ip
[FW_C-ike-peer-a] local-id 10.1.5.2
[FW_C-ike-peer-a] remote-address 1.1.2.1
[FW_C-ike-peer-a] pre-shared-key Test ! 1234
[FW_C-ike-peer-a] quit
复制代码
    9. 配置IPSec策略map1。
    10. [FW_C] ipsec policy map1 10 isakmp
[FW_C-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] security acl 3000
[FW_C-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] proposal tran1
[FW_C-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] ike-peer a
[FW_C-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] quit
复制代码
    11. 在接口GE1/0/2上应用IPSec策略组map1。
    12. [FW_C] interface GigabitEthernet  1 / 0 / 2
[FW_C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ipsec policy map1
[FW_C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
复制代码

  1. 配置FW_B（配置NAT网关）。

    1. 基础配置。 请根据图1的数据配置接口IP地址。 将接口GE1/0/1加入Untrust区域，接口GE1/0/2加入Trust区域。 详细步骤可参见FW_A的配置。
    2. 配置域间安全策略。
    3. [FW_B] security-policy
[FW_B-policy-security] rule name policy1
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 10.1.5.2  32
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-address 1.1.2.1  32
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit
[FW_B-policy-security] rule name policy2
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy2] source-zone untrust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy2] destination-zone trust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy2] source-address 1.1.2.1  32
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy2] destination-address 10.1.5.2  32
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy2] action permit
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-policy2] quit
[FW_B-policy-security] quit
复制代码
    4. 配置NAT。
    5. [FW_B] nat-policy
[FW_B-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1
[FW_B-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust
[FW_B-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust
[FW_B-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 10.1.5.0  24
[FW_B-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action nat easy-ip
[FW_B-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] quit
[FW_B-policy-nat] quit
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    6. 配置到分支网络的静态路由。
    7. [FW_B] ip route- static  10.1.1.0  255.255.255.0  1.1.5.2
[FW_B] ip route- static  10.1.2.0  255.255.255.0  10.1.5.2
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结果验证

  1. 配置完成后，PC2发起访问，之后PC1与PC2之间可以相互访问。PC2同时可以访问到公网。
  1. PC2可以Ping通FW_A的1.1.2.1，同时在FW_B上可以查看NAT转换session表项。
<FW_B> display firewall session table
  Current Total Sessions : 2
  udp  VPN:public --> public 10.1.5.2:500[1.1.5.1:2048]-->1.1.2.1:500
  udp  VPN:public --> public 10.1.5.2:4500[1.1.5.1:2048]-->1.1.2.1:4500
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  1. 总部防火墙FW_A上可以查看到对应的IKE SA。
<FW_A> display ike sa       

Ike sa information :                                    
    Conn-ID        Peer            VPN   Flag(s)     Phase                 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------  
     83887864      1.1.5.1                RD|A         v2:2       
     83887652      1.1.5.1                RD|A         v2:1     
                                                                                
  Number of SA entries  : 2                                                     
                                                                                
  Number of SA entries of all cpu : 2                                           
                                                                                
  Flag Description:                                                             
  RD--READY   ST--STAYALIVE   RL--REPLACED   FD--FADING   TO--TIMEOUT           
  HRT--HEARTBEAT   LKG--LAST KNOWN GOOD SEQ NO.   BCK--BACKED UP                
  M--ACTIVE   S--STANDBY   A--ALONE  NEG--NEGOTIATING
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  1. 分支上FW_C可以查看到对端为总部的IKE SA，FW_C是发起方，标志位为ST。
<FW_C> display ike sa

Ike sa information :                                    
    Conn-ID        Peer           VPN   Flag(s)     Phase                 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------  
     62887864      1.1.2.1               RD|ST|A      v2:2      
     62887652      1.1.2.1               RD|ST|A      v2:1     
                                                                                
  Number of SA entries  : 2                                                     
                                                                                
  Number of SA entries of all cpu : 2                                           
                                                                                
  Flag Description:                                                             
  RD--READY   ST--STAYALIVE   RL--REPLACED   FD--FADING   TO--TIMEOUT           
  HRT--HEARTBEAT   LKG--LAST KNOWN GOOD SEQ NO.   BCK--BACKED UP                
  M--ACTIVE   S--STANDBY   A--ALONE  NEG--NEGOTIATING
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  1. 总部防火墙FW_A上可以查看到一对双向的IPSec SA，对应分支FW_C。
<FW_A> display ipsec sa brief 
Current ipsec sa num:2

Spu board slot 1, cpu 1 ipsec sa information:                                   
Number of SAs:2                                                              
    Src address   Dst address      SPI         VPN  Protocol     Algorithm       
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    1.1.2.1         1.1.5.1       3923280450         ESP      E:AES-256 A:SHA2_256_128 
    1.1.5.1         1.1.2.1       2676437093         ESP      E:AES-256 A:SHA2_256_128
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  1. 分支节点FW_C上可以查看到一对双向IPSec SA。
<FW_A> display ipsec sa brief 
Current ipsec sa num:2

Spu board slot 1, cpu 1 ipsec sa information:                                   
Number of SAs:4                                                              
    Src address   Dst address      SPI         VPN  Protocol     Algorithm       
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    10.1.5.2         1.1.2.1       2179965693        ESP     E:AES-256 A:SHA2_256_128
    1.1.2.1         10.1.5.2       3813759530        ESP     E:AES-256 A:SHA2_256_128

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