代码示例

import subprocess
import os

cmd = "pwd"

# 返回命令执行状态码，而将命令执行结果输出到屏幕
ret = os.system(cmd)
print("system ret:", ret)
"""
/Users/myproject/mydemo/demo
system ret: 0
"""

# 可以获取命令执行结果，但是无法获取命令执行状态码
ret = os.popen(cmd)
print("popen ret: ", ret.read())
"""
popen ret:  /Users/myproject/mydemo/demo
"""

ret = subprocess.run(cmd)
print("run ret: ", ret.returncode)
# run ret:  0

p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
p.wait()
print("Popen ret: ", p.stdout.read())
"""
Popen ret:  b'/Users/myproject/mydemo/demo\n'
"""

exitcode, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)
print("exitcode: ", exitcode)
print("output: ", output)
"""
exitcode:  0
output:  /Users/myproject/mydemo/demo
"""

汇成一个函数

import subprocess

class CommandException(Exception):
    pass


def run_cmd(command):
    exitcode, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput(command)
    if exitcode != 0:
        raise CommandException(output)

    return output


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cmd = "pwd"
    print("output: ", run_cmd(cmd))
    # output:  /Users/myproject/mydemo/demo

参考
Python之系统交互（subprocess）