Python 与时间、日期相关的库 time, datetime, calendar
2023-09-14 09:01:28 时间
函数 和 类：
>>> import time,datetime,calendar
>>> time
<module 'time' (built-in)>
>>> datetime
<module 'datetime' from 'D:\\Python\\lib\\datetime.py'>
>>> calendar
<module 'calendar' from 'D:\\Python\\lib\\calendar.py'>
>>> dir(time)
['_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__',
'altzone', 'asctime', 'ctime', 'daylight', 'get_clock_info', 'gmtime', 'localtime',
'mktime', 'monotonic', 'monotonic_ns', 'perf_counter', 'perf_counter_ns', 'process_time',
'process_time_ns', 'sleep', 'strftime', 'strptime', 'struct_time', 'thread_time',
'thread_time_ns', 'time', 'time_ns', 'timezone', 'tzname']
>>>
>>> dir(datetime)
['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__',
'__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'sys', 'time',
'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo']
>>>
>>> dir(calendar)
['Calendar', 'EPOCH', 'FRIDAY', 'February', 'HTMLCalendar', 'IllegalMonthError',
'IllegalWeekdayError', 'January', 'LocaleHTMLCalendar', 'LocaleTextCalendar', 'MONDAY',
'SATURDAY', 'SUNDAY', 'THURSDAY', 'TUESDAY', 'TextCalendar', 'WEDNESDAY', '_EPOCH_ORD',
'__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
'__package__', '__spec__', '_colwidth', '_locale', '_localized_day', '_localized_month',
'_monthlen', '_nextmonth', '_prevmonth', '_spacing', 'c', 'calendar', 'datetime',
'day_abbr', 'day_name', 'different_locale', 'error', 'firstweekday', 'format',
'formatstring', 'isleap', 'leapdays', 'main', 'mdays', 'month', 'month_abbr', 'month_name',
'monthcalendar', 'monthrange', 'prcal', 'prmonth', 'prweek', 'repeat', 'setfirstweekday',
'sys', 'timegm', 'week', 'weekday', 'weekheader']
>>>文档说明：
>>> print(time.__doc__)
time([hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]) --> a time object
All arguments are optional. tzinfo may be None, or an instance of
a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints.
>>> print(datetime.__doc__)
datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[,tzinfo]]]]])
The year, month and day arguments are required. tzinfo may be None, or an
instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints.
>>> print(calendar.__doc__)
Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string.
time库帮助：
>>> import time
>>> for i in [i for i in dir(time) if i[0]!='_']:
print(i)
help(eval('time.'+i))
print('='*80)
altzone
[Squeezed text (254 lines).]
================================================================================
asctime
Help on built-in function asctime in module time:
asctime(...)
asctime([tuple]) -> string
Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.
When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime()
is used.
================================================================================
ctime
Help on built-in function ctime in module time:
ctime(...)
ctime(seconds) -> string
Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
================================================================================
daylight
[Squeezed text (254 lines).]
================================================================================
get_clock_info
Help on built-in function get_clock_info in module time:
get_clock_info(...)
get_clock_info(name: str) -> dict
Get information of the specified clock.
================================================================================
gmtime
Help on built-in function gmtime in module time:
gmtime(...)
gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)
Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC (a.k.a.
GMT). When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
If the platform supports the tm_gmtoff and tm_zone, they are available as
attributes only.
================================================================================
localtime
Help on built-in function localtime in module time:
localtime(...)
localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min,
tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
================================================================================
mktime
Help on built-in function mktime in module time:
mktime(...)
mktime(tuple) -> floating point number
Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch.
Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most
time zones; instead the returned value will either be equal to that
of the timezone or altzone attributes on the time module.
================================================================================
monotonic
Help on built-in function monotonic in module time:
monotonic(...)
monotonic() -> float
Monotonic clock, cannot go backward.
================================================================================
monotonic_ns
Help on built-in function monotonic_ns in module time:
monotonic_ns(...)
monotonic_ns() -> int
Monotonic clock, cannot go backward, as nanoseconds.
================================================================================
perf_counter
Help on built-in function perf_counter in module time:
perf_counter(...)
perf_counter() -> float
Performance counter for benchmarking.
================================================================================
perf_counter_ns
Help on built-in function perf_counter_ns in module time:
perf_counter_ns(...)
perf_counter_ns() -> int
Performance counter for benchmarking as nanoseconds.
================================================================================
process_time
Help on built-in function process_time in module time:
process_time(...)
process_time() -> float
Process time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
================================================================================
process_time_ns
Help on built-in function process_time_ns in module time:
process_time_ns(...)
process_time() -> int
Process time for profiling as nanoseconds:
sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
================================================================================
sleep
Help on built-in function sleep in module time:
sleep(...)
sleep(seconds)
Delay execution for a given number of seconds. The argument may be
a floating point number for subsecond precision.
================================================================================
strftime
Help on built-in function strftime in module time:
strftime(...)
strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
Commonly used format codes:
%Y Year with century as a decimal number.
%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
%S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
%z Time zone offset from UTC.
%a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
%A Locale's full weekday name.
%b Locale's abbreviated month name.
%B Locale's full month name.
%c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
%p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
the C library strftime function.
================================================================================
strptime
Help on built-in function strptime in module time:
strptime(...)
strptime(string, format) -> struct_time
Parse a string to a time tuple according to a format specification.
See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as
strftime()).
Commonly used format codes:
%Y Year with century as a decimal number.
%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
%S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
%z Time zone offset from UTC.
%a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
%A Locale's full weekday name.
%b Locale's abbreviated month name.
%B Locale's full month name.
%c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
%p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
the C library strftime function.
================================================================================
struct_time
[Squeezed text (135 lines).]
================================================================================
thread_time
Help on built-in function thread_time in module time:
thread_time(...)
thread_time() -> float
Thread time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
================================================================================
thread_time_ns
Help on built-in function thread_time_ns in module time:
thread_time_ns(...)
thread_time() -> int
Thread time for profiling as nanoseconds:
sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.
================================================================================
time
Help on built-in function time in module time:
time(...)
time() -> floating point number
Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.
================================================================================
time_ns
Help on built-in function time_ns in module time:
time_ns(...)
time_ns() -> int
Return the current time in nanoseconds since the Epoch.
================================================================================
timezone
[Squeezed text (254 lines).]
================================================================================
tzname
[Squeezed text (81 lines).]
================================================================================datetime库帮助：
>>> import datetime
>>> for i in [i for i in dir(datetime) if i[0]>'a']:
print(i)
help(eval('datetime.'+i))
print('='*80)
date
[Squeezed text (133 lines).]
===============================================================================
datetime
[Squeezed text (215 lines).]
===============================================================================
datetime_CAPI
Help on PyCapsule object:
class PyCapsule(object)
| Capsule objects let you wrap a C "void *" pointer in a Python
| object. They're a way of passing data through the Python interpreter
| without creating your own custom type.
|
| Capsules are used for communication between extension modules.
| They provide a way for an extension module to export a C interface
| to other extension modules, so that extension modules can use the
| Python import mechanism to link to one another.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __repr__(self, /)
| Return repr(self).
===============================================================================
sys
[Squeezed text (360 lines).]
===============================================================================
time
[Squeezed text (106 lines).]
===============================================================================
timedelta
[Squeezed text (129 lines).]
===============================================================================
timezone
[Squeezed text (78 lines).]
===============================================================================
tzinfo
Help on class tzinfo in module datetime:
class tzinfo(builtins.object)
| Abstract base class for time zone info objects.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(self, name, /)
| Return getattr(self, name).
|
| __reduce__(...)
| -> (cls, state)
|
| dst(...)
| datetime -> DST offset as timedelta positive east of UTC.
|
| fromutc(...)
| datetime in UTC -> datetime in local time.
|
| tzname(...)
| datetime -> string name of time zone.
|
| utcoffset(...)
| datetime -> timedelta showing offset from UTC, negative values indicating West of UTC
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Static methods defined here:
|
| __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
| Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.
===============================================================================
>>> calendar库帮助：
>>> import calendar
>>> for i in [i for i in dir(calendar) if (i[0])>='a']:
print(i)
help(eval('calendar.'+i))
print('='*80)
c
[Squeezed text (121 lines).]
================================================================================
calendar
Help on method formatyear in module calendar:
formatyear(theyear, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Returns a year's calendar as a multi-line string.
================================================================================
datetime
[Squeezed text (707 lines).]
================================================================================
day_abbr
Help on _localized_day in module calendar object:
class _localized_day(builtins.object)
| _localized_day(format)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getitem__(self, i)
|
| __init__(self, format)
| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
|
| __len__(self)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __dict__
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
================================================================================
day_name
Help on _localized_day in module calendar object:
class _localized_day(builtins.object)
| _localized_day(format)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getitem__(self, i)
|
| __init__(self, format)
| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
|
| __len__(self)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __dict__
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
================================================================================
different_locale
Help on class different_locale in module calendar:
class different_locale(builtins.object)
| different_locale(locale)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __enter__(self)
|
| __exit__(self, *args)
|
| __init__(self, locale)
| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __dict__
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
================================================================================
error
[Squeezed text (68 lines).]
================================================================================
firstweekday
Help on method getfirstweekday in module calendar:
getfirstweekday() method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
================================================================================
format
Help on function format in module calendar:
format(cols, colwidth=20, spacing=6)
Prints multi-column formatting for year calendars
================================================================================
formatstring
Help on function formatstring in module calendar:
formatstring(cols, colwidth=20, spacing=6)
Returns a string formatted from n strings, centered within n columns.
================================================================================
isleap
Help on function isleap in module calendar:
isleap(year)
Return True for leap years, False for non-leap years.
================================================================================
leapdays
Help on function leapdays in module calendar:
leapdays(y1, y2)
Return number of leap years in range [y1, y2).
Assume y1 <= y2.
================================================================================
main
Help on function main in module calendar:
main(args)
================================================================================
mdays
[Squeezed text (135 lines).]
================================================================================
month
Help on method formatmonth in module calendar:
formatmonth(theyear, themonth, w=0, l=0) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Return a month's calendar string (multi-line).
================================================================================
month_abbr
Help on _localized_month in module calendar object:
class _localized_month(builtins.object)
| _localized_month(format)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getitem__(self, i)
|
| __init__(self, format)
| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
|
| __len__(self)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __dict__
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
================================================================================
month_name
Help on _localized_month in module calendar object:
class _localized_month(builtins.object)
| _localized_month(format)
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getitem__(self, i)
|
| __init__(self, format)
| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
|
| __len__(self)
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __dict__
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
================================================================================
monthcalendar
Help on method monthdayscalendar in module calendar:
monthdayscalendar(year, month) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Return a matrix representing a month's calendar.
Each row represents a week; days outside this month are zero.
================================================================================
monthrange
Help on function monthrange in module calendar:
monthrange(year, month)
Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) and number of days (28-31) for
year, month.
================================================================================
prcal
Help on method pryear in module calendar:
pryear(theyear, w=0, l=0, c=6, m=3) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Print a year's calendar.
================================================================================
prmonth
Help on method prmonth in module calendar:
prmonth(theyear, themonth, w=0, l=0) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Print a month's calendar.
================================================================================
prweek
Help on method prweek in module calendar:
prweek(theweek, width) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Print a single week (no newline).
================================================================================
repeat
Help on class repeat in module itertools:
class repeat(builtins.object)
| repeat(object [,times]) -> create an iterator which returns the object
| for the specified number of times. If not specified, returns the object
| endlessly.
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(self, name, /)
| Return getattr(self, name).
|
| __iter__(self, /)
| Implement iter(self).
|
| __length_hint__(...)
| Private method returning an estimate of len(list(it)).
|
| __next__(self, /)
| Implement next(self).
|
| __reduce__(...)
| Return state information for pickling.
|
| __repr__(self, /)
| Return repr(self).
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Static methods defined here:
|
| __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
| Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.
================================================================================
setfirstweekday
Help on function setfirstweekday in module calendar:
setfirstweekday(firstweekday)
================================================================================
sys
[Squeezed text (358 lines).]
================================================================================
timegm
Help on function timegm in module calendar:
timegm(tuple)
Unrelated but handy function to calculate Unix timestamp from GMT.
================================================================================
week
Help on method formatweek in module calendar:
formatweek(theweek, width) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Returns a single week in a string (no newline).
================================================================================
weekday
Help on function weekday in module calendar:
weekday(year, month, day)
Return weekday (0-6 ~ Mon-Sun) for year, month (1-12), day (1-31).
================================================================================
weekheader
Help on method formatweekheader in module calendar:
formatweekheader(width) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance
Return a header for a week.
================================================================================
>>>
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