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轻目录访问协议的开源实现Ldap2.4

开源 协议
2023-03-14 22:52:23 时间

实验环境

操作系统

Centos7

服务软件版本

Openldap 2.4

初始化系统

# 更新服务器时间ntpdate -u ntp.api.bz# 关闭selinuxsed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config && setenforce 0 && systemctl disable firewalld.service && systemctl stop firewalld.service# 重启服务器shutdown -r now

部署与安装

使用包管理器安装openldap

yum -y install openldap compat-openldap openldap-clients openldap-servers openldap-servers-sql openldap-devel migrationtools

检查安装的版本

root:~/ # slapd -VV                                                                                                       [20:42:17]@(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.44 (Jan 29 2019 17:42:45) $
  mockbuild@x86-01.bsys.centos.org:/builddir/build/BUILD/openldap-2.4.44/openldap-2.4.44/servers/slapd

设置openldap管理员的密码

root:slapd.d/ # slappasswd -s 123456                                                                                      [20:43:35]{SSHA}+duStt12ZYbTUbwhpEAaVMIMQH506UIt

修改管理员信息和把管理员的密码写入配置文件

root:cn=config/ # cat olcDatabase={2}hdb.ldif                                                                           [20:53:45]# AUTO-GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT!! Use ldapmodify.# CRC32 a830970adn: olcDatabase={2}hdb
objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig
objectClass: olcHdbConfig
olcDatabase: {2}hdb
olcDbDirectory: /var/lib/ldap#修改此处的域名olcSuffix: dc=testlab,dc=com#修改此处的管理员账号为root,以及域名为testlabolcRootDN: cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com
olcDbIndex: objectClass eq,pres
olcDbIndex: ou,cn,mail,surname,givenname eq,pres,sub
structuralObjectClass: olcHdbConfig
entryUUID: 43a7f8d8-d134-1038-8bab-2907e6126c53
creatorsName: cn=config
createTimestamp: 20190302124137Z
entryCSN: 20190302124137.438297Z#000000#000#000000modifiersName: cn=config
modifyTimestamp: 20190302124137Z#在最后加上管理员密码信息olcRootPW: {SSHA}+duStt12ZYbTUbwhpEAaVMIMQH506UIt

修改olcDatabase={1}monitor.ldif中的管理员信息以及域名

root:cn=config/ # cat olcDatabase={1}monitor.ldif                                                                       [20:54:06]# AUTO-GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT!! Use ldapmodify.# CRC32 e26d6fe9dn: olcDatabase={1}monitor
objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig
olcDatabase: {1}monitor#修改此处的管理员姓名和域名dcolcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=extern
 al,cn=auth" read by dn.base="cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com" read by * none
structuralObjectClass: olcDatabaseConfig
entryUUID: 43a7f0ae-d134-1038-8baa-2907e6126c53
creatorsName: cn=config
createTimestamp: 20190302124137Z
entryCSN: 20190302124137.438086Z#000000#000#000000modifiersName: cn=config
modifyTimestamp: 20190302124137Z

验证openldap基本配置是否有问题

root:cn=config/ # slaptest -u                                                                                             [20:53:16]5c7a7cd8 ldif_read_file: checksum error on "/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}monitor.ldif"5c7a7cd8 ldif_read_file: checksum error on "/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={2}hdb.ldif"config file testing succeeded

设置服务自启以及启动slapd服务

root:cn=config/ # systemctl enable slapd                                                                                  [20:57:35]Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/slapd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/slapd.service.
root:cn=config/ # systemctl start slapd                                                                                   [20:57:42]root:cn=config/ # systemctl status slapd                                                                                  [20:57:48]● slapd.service - OpenLDAP Server Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/slapd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-03-02 20:57:48 CST; 8s ago
Docs: man:slapd
man:slapd-config
man:slapd-hdb
man:slapd-mdb
file:///usr/share/doc/openldap-servers/guide.html
Process: 2448 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/slapd -u ldap -h ${SLAPD_URLS} $SLAPD_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 2434 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/openldap/check-config.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2451 (slapd)
CGroup: /system.slice/slapd.service
└─2451 /usr/sbin/slapd -u ldap -h ldapi:/// ldap:///

Mar 02 20:57:46 devops-node4 systemd[1]: Starting OpenLDAP Server Daemon...
Mar 02 20:57:46 devops-node4 runuser[2437]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user ldap by (uid=0)
Mar 02 20:57:46 devops-node4 slapd[2448]: @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.44 (Jan 29 2019 17:42:45) $mockbuild@x86-01.bsys.centos.org:/builddir/build/BUILD/openldap-2.4.44/op...s/slapd
Mar 02 20:57:46 devops-node4 slapd[2448]: ldif_read_file: checksum error on "/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1...r.ldif"Mar 02 20:57:46 devops-node4 slapd[2448]: ldif_read_file: checksum error on "/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={2}hdb.ldif"Mar 02 20:57:48 devops-node4 slapd[2448]: tlsmc_get_pin: INFO: Please note the extracted key file will not be protected wit...ssions.
Mar 02 20:57:48 devops-node4 slapd[2451]: hdb_db_open: warning - no DB_CONFIG file found in directory /var/lib/ldap: (2).
Expect poor performance for suffix "dc=testlab,dc=com".
Mar 02 20:57:48 devops-node4 slapd[2451]: slapd starting
Mar 02 20:57:48 devops-node4 systemd[1]: Started OpenLDAP Server Daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

检查openldap服务进程是否开启

端口默认是389

root:cn=config/ # netstat -antup | grep 389                                                                               [20:57:56]tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:389             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2451/slapd
tcp6       0      0 :::389                  :::*                    LISTEN      2451/slapd

配置openldap数据库

root:cn=config/ # cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG                                [20:58:28]root:cn=config/ # chown ldap:ldap -R /var/lib/ldap                                                                        [20:59:32]root:cn=config/ # chmod 700 -R /var/lib/ldap                                                                              [20:59:49]root:cn=config/ # ls -l /var/lib/ldap/                                                                                    [20:59:55]total 324-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap     2048 Mar  2 20:57 alock
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap   262144 Mar  2 20:57 __db.001-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap    32768 Mar  2 20:57 __db.002-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap    49152 Mar  2 20:57 __db.003-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap      845 Mar  2 20:59 DB_CONFIG
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap     8192 Mar  2 20:57 dn2id.bdb
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap    32768 Mar  2 20:57 id2entry.bdb
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap 10485760 Mar  2 20:57 log.0000000001

导入openldap存储信息的格式schema

root:cn=config/ # ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.ldif                                    [21:00:02]SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0adding new entry "cn=cosine,cn=schema,cn=config"root:cn=config/ # ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/nis.ldif                                       [21:01:58]SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0adding new entry "cn=nis,cn=schema,cn=config"root:cn=config/ # ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif                             [21:02:15]SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0adding new entry "cn=inetorgperson,cn=schema,cn=config"

修改生成ldif文件的脚本

root:cn=config/ # cat /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph | egrep 'DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN|DEFAULT_BASE|EXTENDED_SCHEMA' | head -3$DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "testlab.com";$DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=testlab,dc=com";$EXTENDED_SCHEMA = 1;

添加系统用户及用户组用于后期导入openldap

root:cn=config/ # groupadd ldapgroup1                                                                                                    [21:07:59]root:cn=config/ # groupadd ldapgroup2                                                                                                    [21:08:01]root:cn=config/ # useradd -g ldapgroup1 ldapuser1                                                                                        [21:08:03]root:cn=config/ # useradd -g ldapgroup2 ldapuser2                                                                                        [21:08:11]root:cn=config/ # echo "123456" | passwd --stdin ldapuser1                                                                               [21:08:16]Changing password for user ldapuser1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
root:cn=config/ # echo "123456" | passwd --stdin ldapuser2                                                                               [21:08:42]Changing password for user ldapuser2.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

提取用户以及用户组属性

root:cn=config/ # grep ":10[0-9][0-9]" /etc/passwd  | grep ldap > /root/users                                                            [21:10:42]root:cn=config/ # grep ":10[0-9][0-9]" /etc/group | grep ldap > /root/groups                                                             [21:11:01]

生成openldap用户以及用户组属性

root:cn=config/ # /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl /root/users > /root/users.ldif                                             [21:11:14]root:cn=config/ # /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_group.pl /root/groups > /root/groups.ldif                                           [21:13:55]root:cn=config/ # cat /root/groups.ldif                                                                                                  [21:14:15]dn: uid=ldapgroup1,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
uid: ldapgroup1
cn: ldapgroup1
sn: ldapgroup1
mail: ldapgroup1@testlab.com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
userPassword: {crypt}x
uidNumber: 1002gidNumber:
homeDirectory:

dn: uid=ldapgroup2,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
uid: ldapgroup2
cn: ldapgroup2
sn: ldapgroup2
mail: ldapgroup2@testlab.com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
userPassword: {crypt}x
uidNumber: 1003gidNumber:
homeDirectory:

root:cn=config/ # cat /root/users.ldif                                                                                                   [21:14:17]dn: uid=ldapuser1,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
uid: ldapuser1
cn: ldapuser1
sn: ldapuser1
mail: ldapuser1@testlab.com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
objectClass: shadowAccount
userPassword: {crypt}$6$5PAZUtNU$CY/YcSKd1ajiCUb4u3SSNz4QIn04Og0PJosV/FDVNSCuUHWC6xETWi9DxT5UrM.ac2GM.i1PpyZ6/DmJiiQVH1
shadowLastChange: 17957shadowMin: 0shadowMax: 99999shadowWarning: 7loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1002gidNumber: 1002homeDirectory: /home/ldapuser1

dn: uid=ldapuser2,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
uid: ldapuser2
cn: ldapuser2
sn: ldapuser2
mail: ldapuser2@testlab.com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
objectClass: shadowAccount
userPassword: {crypt}$6$HVzIvzSv$ovEbVz16WN2G.Dyvo3nIikHcERzVLOqg4xp0VpmjKpFoP9ZfxjrjGJfr478lw2kqYzJz2p.LmqY4kk0Cghb5b0
shadowLastChange: 17957shadowMin: 0shadowMax: 99999shadowWarning: 7loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1003gidNumber: 1003homeDirectory: /home/ldapuser2

配置openldap基础的数据库

cat > /root/base.ldif << EOF
dn: dc=testlab,dc=com
o: testlab com
dc: testlab
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization

dn: cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com
cn: root
objectClass: organizationalRole
description: Directory Manager

dn: ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
ou: People
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit

dn: ou=Group,dc=testlab,dc=com
ou: Group
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
EOF

导入数据库结构到openldap

root:cn=config/ # ldapadd -x -w "123456" -D "cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com" -f /root/base.ldif                                               [21:22:12]adding new entry "dc=testlab,dc=com"adding new entry "cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com"adding new entry "ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com"adding new entry "ou=Group,dc=testlab,dc=com"
root:cn=config/ # cat /root/base.ldif                                                                                                    [21:22:13]dn: dc=testlab,dc=com
o: testlab com
dc: testlab
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization

dn: cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com
cn: root
objectClass: organizationalRole
description: Directory Manager

dn: ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
ou: People
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit

dn: ou=Group,dc=testlab,dc=com
ou: Group
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit

导入用户和组信息数据到Openldap

root:cn=config/ # ldapadd -x -w "123456" -D "cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com" -f /root/users.ldif                                              [21:22:20]adding new entry "uid=ldapuser1,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com"adding new entry "uid=ldapuser2,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com"root:cn=config/ # ldapadd -x -w "123456" -D "cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com" -f /root/groups.ldif                                             [21:34:47]adding new entry "uid=ldapgroup1,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com"adding new entry "uid=ldapgroup2,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com"

查看数据库文件

root:cn=config/ # ls -l /var/lib/ldap                                                                                                    [21:31:17]total 488-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap     2048 Mar  2 20:57 alock
-rw------- 1 ldap ldap     8192 Mar  2 21:22 cn.bdb
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap   262144 Mar  2 21:24 __db.001-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap    32768 Mar  2 21:24 __db.002-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap    93592 Mar  2 21:24 __db.003-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap      845 Mar  2 20:59 DB_CONFIG
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap     8192 Mar  2 20:57 dn2id.bdb
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap    32768 Mar  2 20:57 id2entry.bdb
-rwx------ 1 ldap ldap 10485760 Mar  2 21:24 log.0000000001-rw------- 1 ldap ldap     8192 Mar  2 21:24 mail.bdb
-rw------- 1 ldap ldap     8192 Mar  2 21:22 objectClass.bdb
-rw------- 1 ldap ldap     8192 Mar  2 21:22 ou.bdb
-rw------- 1 ldap ldap     8192 Mar  2 21:24 sn.bdb

查看openldap信息

root:cn=config/ # ldapsearch -x -b "dc=testlab,dc=com" -H "ldap://127.0.0.1"                                                             [21:38:17]

过滤查询信息

root:cn=config/ # ldapsearch -LLL -x -D "cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com" -w "123456" -b "dc=testlab,dc=com" "uid=ldapuser1"                   [21:38:50]dn: uid=ldapuser1,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
uid: ldapuser1
cn: ldapuser1
sn: ldapuser1
mail: ldapuser1@testlab.com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
objectClass: shadowAccount
userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQ2JDVQQVpVdE5VJENZL1ljU0tkMWFqaUNVYjR1M1NTTno0UUluMDR
PZzBQSm9zVi9GRFZOU0N1VUhXQzZ4RVRXaTlEeFQ1VXJNLmFjMkdNLmkxUHB5WjYvRG1KaWlRVkgx
shadowLastChange: 17957shadowMin: 0shadowMax: 99999shadowWarning: 7loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1002gidNumber: 1002homeDirectory: /home/ldapuser1
root:cn=config/ # ldapsearch -LLL -x -D "cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com" -w "123456" -b "dc=testlab,dc=com" "uid=ldapgroup1"                  [21:41:07]dn: uid=ldapgroup1,ou=People,dc=testlab,dc=com
uid: ldapgroup1
cn: ldapgroup1
sn: ldapgroup1
mail: ldapgroup1@testlab.com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: top
userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fXg=
uidNumber: 1002gidNumber: 1002homeDirectory:

关联openldap中的用户和组关系

cat > add_user_to_groups.ldif << "EOF"dn: cn=ldapgroup1,ou=Group,dc=testlab,dc=com
changetype: modify
add: memberuid
memberuid: ldapuser1
EOF

开启openldap日志访问功能

cat > /root/loglevel.ldif << "EOF"dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcLogLevel
olcLogLevel: stats
EOF

cat >> /etc/rsyslog.conf << "EOF"local4.* /var/log/slapd.log
EOF

重启rsyslog和slapd服务

systemctl restart rsyslog
systemctl restart slapd
tail -f /var/log/slapd.log

修改默认openldap运行端口

vim /etc/sysconfig/slapd
SLAPD_URLS=”ldapi://0.0.0.0:4567/ ldap://0.0.0.0:4567/”

查询openldap信息

ldapsearch -LLL -x -D 'cn=root,dc=testlab,dc=com' -w "123456" -H ldap://0.0.0.0:4567/ -b 'dc=testlab,dc=com''uid=ldapuser1'

千难万难把openldap服务给运行起来了，但这只是第一步，剩下研究一下openldap的主从架构,主主架构，以及openldap的具体使用场景。

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