前端二面常考面试题（必备）

function foo(something){
    this.a = something
}

var obj1 = {
    foo: foo
}

var obj2 = {}

obj1.foo(2); 
console.log(obj1.a); // 2

obj1.foo.call(obj2, 3);
console.log(obj2.a); // 3

var bar = new obj1.foo(4)
console.log(obj1.a); // 2
console.log(bar.a); // 4

Promise.resolve(1)
  .then(2)
  .then(Promise.resolve(3))
  .then(console.log)

1

var length = 10;
function fn() {
    console.log(this.length);
}

var obj = {
  length: 5,
  method: function(fn) {
    fn();
    arguments[0]();
  }
};

obj.method(fn, 1);

Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com  // 和Orign一直
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true   // 表示是否允许发送Cookie
Access-Control-Expose-Headers: FooBar   // 指定返回其他字段的值
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8   // 表示文档类型

Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com  // 允许跨域的源地址
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, POST, PUT // 服务器支持的所有跨域请求的方法
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: X-Custom-Header  // 服务器支持的所有头信息字段
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true   // 表示是否允许发送Cookie
Access-Control-Max-Age: 1728000  // 用来指定本次预检请求的有效期，单位为秒

'Access-Control-Allow-Origin'  
'Access-Control-Allow-Methods'
'Access-Control-Allow-Headers'

// 原生 xml 的设置方式
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.withCredentials = true;
// axios 设置方式
axios.defaults.withCredentials = true;

<script>
    var script = document.createElement('script');
    script.type = 'text/javascript';
    // 传参一个回调函数名给后端，方便后端返回时执行这个在前端定义的回调函数
    script.src = 'http://www.domain2.com:8080/login?user=admin&callback=handleCallback';
    document.head.appendChild(script);
    // 回调执行函数
    function handleCallback(res) {
        alert(JSON.stringify(res));
    }
 </script>

handleCallback({"success": true, "user": "admin"})

this.$http = axios;
this.$http.jsonp('http://www.domain2.com:8080/login', {
    params: {},
    jsonp: 'handleCallback'
}).then((res) => {
    console.log(res); 
})

var querystring = require('querystring');
var http = require('http');
var server = http.createServer();
server.on('request', function(req, res) {
    var params = querystring.parse(req.url.split('?')[1]);
    var fn = params.callback;
    // jsonp返回设置
    res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/javascript' });
    res.write(fn + '(' + JSON.stringify(params) + ')');
    res.end();
});
server.listen('8080');
console.log('Server is running at port 8080...');

<iframe id="iframe" src="http://www.domain2.com/b.html" style="display:none;"></iframe>
<script>           var iframe = document.getElementById('iframe');    iframe.onload = function() {        var data = {            name: 'aym'
        };        // 向domain2传送跨域数据
        iframe.contentWindow.postMessage(JSON.stringify(data), 'http://www.domain2.com');    };    // 接受domain2返回数据
    window.addEventListener('message', function(e) {        alert('data from domain2 ---> ' + e.data);    }, false);
</script>

<script>
    // 接收domain1的数据
    window.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
        alert('data from domain1 ---> ' + e.data);
        var data = JSON.parse(e.data);
        if (data) {
            data.number = 16;
            // 处理后再发回domain1
            window.parent.postMessage(JSON.stringify(data), 'http://www.domain1.com');
        }
    }, false);
</script>

location / {
  add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
}

#proxy服务器
server {
    listen       81;
    server_name  www.domain1.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass   http://www.domain2.com:8080;  #反向代理
        proxy_cookie_domain www.domain2.com www.domain1.com; #修改cookie里域名
        index  index.html index.htm;
        # 当用webpack-dev-server等中间件代理接口访问nignx时，此时无浏览器参与，故没有同源限制，下面的跨域配置可不启用
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin http://www.domain1.com;  #当前端只跨域不带cookie时，可为*
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Credentials true;
    }
}

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 前端开关：浏览器是否读写cookie
xhr.withCredentials = true;
// 访问http-proxy-middleware代理服务器
xhr.open('get', 'http://www.domain1.com:3000/login?user=admin', true);
xhr.send();

var express = require('express');
var proxy = require('http-proxy-middleware');
var app = express();
app.use('/', proxy({
    // 代理跨域目标接口
    target: 'http://www.domain2.com:8080',
    changeOrigin: true,
    // 修改响应头信息，实现跨域并允许带cookie
    onProxyRes: function(proxyRes, req, res) {
        res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', 'http://www.domain1.com');
        res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials', 'true');
    },
    // 修改响应信息中的cookie域名
    cookieDomainRewrite: 'www.domain1.com'  // 可以为false，表示不修改
}));
app.listen(3000);
console.log('Proxy server is listen at port 3000...');

module.exports = {
    entry: {},
    module: {},
    ...
    devServer: {
        historyApiFallback: true,
        proxy: [{
            context: '/login',
            target: 'http://www.domain2.com:8080',  // 代理跨域目标接口
            changeOrigin: true,
            secure: false,  // 当代理某些https服务报错时用
            cookieDomainRewrite: 'www.domain1.com'  // 可以为false，表示不修改
        }],
        noInfo: true
    }
}

<iframe id="iframe" src="http://child.domain.com/b.html"></iframe>
<script>
    document.domain = 'domain.com';    var user = 'admin';
</script>

<script>
    document.domain = 'domain.com';
    // 获取父窗口中变量
    console.log('get js data from parent ---> ' + window.parent.user);
</script>

<iframe id="iframe" src="http://www.domain2.com/b.html" style="display:none;"></iframe>
<script>
    var iframe = document.getElementById('iframe');    // 向b.html传hash值
    setTimeout(function() {        iframe.src = iframe.src + '#user=admin';    }, 1000);        // 开放给同域c.html的回调方法
    function onCallback(res) {        alert('data from c.html ---> ' + res);    }
</script>

<iframe id="iframe" src="http://www.domain1.com/c.html" style="display:none;"></iframe>
<script>
    var iframe = document.getElementById('iframe');
    // 监听a.html传来的hash值，再传给c.html
    window.onhashchange = function () {
        iframe.src = iframe.src + location.hash;
    };
</script>

<script>
    // 监听b.html传来的hash值
    window.onhashchange = function () {
        // 再通过操作同域a.html的js回调，将结果传回
        window.parent.parent.onCallback('hello: ' + location.hash.replace('#user=', ''));
    };
</script>

var proxy = function(url, callback) {
    var state = 0;
    var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
    // 加载跨域页面
    iframe.src = url;
    // onload事件会触发2次，第1次加载跨域页，并留存数据于window.name
    iframe.onload = function() {
        if (state === 1) {
            // 第2次onload(同域proxy页)成功后，读取同域window.name中数据
            callback(iframe.contentWindow.name);
            destoryFrame();
        } else if (state === 0) {
            // 第1次onload(跨域页)成功后，切换到同域代理页面
            iframe.contentWindow.location = 'http://www.domain1.com/proxy.html';
            state = 1;
        }
    };
    document.body.appendChild(iframe);
    // 获取数据以后销毁这个iframe，释放内存；这也保证了安全（不被其他域frame js访问）
    function destoryFrame() {
        iframe.contentWindow.document.write('');
        iframe.contentWindow.close();
        document.body.removeChild(iframe);
    }
};
// 请求跨域b页面数据
proxy('http://www.domain2.com/b.html', function(data){
    alert(data);
});

<script>    
    window.name = 'This is domain2 data!';
</script>

<div>user input：<input type="text"></div>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/socket.io/2.2.0/socket.io.js"></script>
<script>
var socket = io('http://www.domain2.com:8080');
// 连接成功处理
socket.on('connect', function() {    // 监听服务端消息
    socket.on('message', function(msg) {        console.log('data from server: ---> ' + msg);     });    // 监听服务端关闭
    socket.on('disconnect', function() {         console.log('Server socket has closed.');     });});
document.getElementsByTagName('input')[0].onblur = function() {    socket.send(this.value);};
</script>

var http = require('http');
var socket = require('socket.io');
// 启http服务
var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) {
    res.writeHead(200, {
        'Content-type': 'text/html'
    });
    res.end();
});
server.listen('8080');
console.log('Server is running at port 8080...');
// 监听socket连接
socket.listen(server).on('connection', function(client) {
    // 接收信息
    client.on('message', function(msg) {
        client.send('hello：' + msg);
        console.log('data from client: ---> ' + msg);
    });
    // 断开处理
    client.on('disconnect', function() {
        console.log('Client socket has closed.'); 
    });
});

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  console.log(1);
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log("timerStart");
    resolve("success");
    console.log("timerEnd");
  }, 0);
  console.log(2);
});
promise.then((res) => {
  console.log(res);
});
console.log(4);

1
2
4
timerStart
timerEnd
success

const async1 = async () => {
  console.log('async1');
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log('timer1')
  }, 2000)
  await new Promise(resolve => {
    console.log('promise1')
  })
  console.log('async1 end')
  return 'async1 success'
} 
console.log('script start');
async1().then(res => console.log(res));
console.log('script end');
Promise.resolve(1)
  .then(2)
  .then(Promise.resolve(3))
  .catch(4)
  .then(res => console.log(res))
setTimeout(() => {
  console.log('timer2')
}, 1000)

script start
async1
promise1
script end
1
timer2
timer1

function render(template, data) {
    const reg = /\{\{(\w+)\}\}/; // 模板字符串正则
    if (reg.test(template)) { // 判断模板里是否有模板字符串
        const name = reg.exec(template)[1]; // 查找当前模板里第一个模板字符串的字段
        template = template.replace(reg, data[name]); // 将第一个模板字符串渲染
        return render(template, data); // 递归的渲染并返回渲染后的结构
    }
    return template; // 如果模板没有模板字符串直接返回
}

let template = '我是{{name}}，年龄{{age}}，性别{{sex}}';
let person = {
    name: '布兰',
    age: 12
}
render(template, person); // 我是布兰，年龄12，性别undefined

function merge(left, right) {
  let res = [];
  let i = 0;
  let j = 0;
  while (i < left.length && j < right.length) {
    if (left[i] < right[j]) {
      res.push(left[i]);
      i++;
    } else {
      res.push(right[j]);
      j++;
    }
  }
  if (i < left.length) {
    res.push(...left.slice(i));
  } else {
    res.push(...right.slice(j));
  }
  return res;
}

function mergeSort(arr) {
  if (arr.length < 2) {
    return arr;
  }
  const mid = Math.floor(arr.length / 2);

  const left = mergeSort(arr.slice(0, mid));
  const right = mergeSort(arr.slice(mid));
  return merge(left, right);
}
// console.log(mergeSort([3, 6, 2, 4, 1]));

Promise.resolve = function(value) {
    // 1.如果 value 参数是一个 Promise 对象，则原封不动返回该对象
    if(value instanceof Promise) return value;
    // 2.如果 value 参数是一个具有 then 方法的对象，则将这个对象转为 Promise 对象，并立即执行它的then方法
    if(typeof value === "object" && 'then' in value) {
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
           value.then(resolve, reject);
        });
    }
    // 3.否则返回一个新的 Promise 对象，状态为 fulfilled
    return new Promise(resolve => resolve(value));
}

function a() {
  console.log(this);
}
a.call(null);

'use strict';

function a() {
    console.log(this);
}
a.call(null); // null
a.call(undefined); // undefined