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五个必须知道的 JavaScript 数组方法,让你的生活更轻松

2023-02-19 12:24:37 时间

介绍

数组非常适合存储相关数据,并且通常用作组织信息的一种方式。 我们中的大多数人每天都在使用它们,但是您知道 JavaScript 中还内置了一些非常简洁的数组方法吗?

这些方法使我们的生活变得更加轻松,将多行代码优化为一个简单的命令。 无论您是刚开始使用数组还是已经感觉自己是专家,本文都将帮助您在使用它们时变得更有效率。

filter()

如果您想根据特定条件过滤数组,您可能需要 filter() 方法。 这是一个有用的函数,它将返回一个包含您感兴趣的所有项目的新数组。

它需要一个函数作为参数,它将为数组中的每个元素调用。 如果函数返回 true,则该元素将保留在数组中; 否则,它将从数组中删除。

例子

我们已从后端请求数据,并希望根据对象数组具有的属性进行客户端过滤。 在这种情况下,我们已从 JokeAPI 请求笑话,并希望过滤类别属性等于 Programming 的笑话。

const response = {
"error": false,
"amount": 4,
"jokes": [
{
"category": "Programming",
"type": "single",
"joke": "Judge: \"I sentence you to the maximum punishment...\"\nMe (thinking): \"Please be death, please be death...\"\nJudge: \"Learn Java!\"\nMe: \"Damn.\"",
"id": 45,
"safe": true,
"lang": "en"
},
{
"category": "Christmas",
"type": "twopart",
"setup": "How will Christmas dinner be different after Brexit?",
"delivery": "No Brussels!",
"id": 251,
"safe": false,
"lang": "en"
},
{
"category": "Christmas",
"type": "twopart",
"setup": "What do Santa's little helpers learn at school?",
"delivery": "The elf-abet!\n",
"id": 248,
"safe": true,
"lang": "en"
},
{
"category": "Christmas",
"type": "twopart",
"setup": "Why couldn't the skeleton go to the Christmas party?",
"delivery": "Because he had no body to go with!",
"id": 252,
"safe": true,
"lang": "en"
}
]
}

const programmingJokes = response.jokes.filter((joke) =>
joke.category === "Programming"
);

console.log("programmingJokes: ", programmingJokes);
programmingJokes: [
{
"category": "Programming",
"type": "single",
"joke": "Judge: \"I sentence you to the maximum punishment...\"\nMe (thinking): \"Please be death, please be death...\"\nJudge: \"Learn Java!\"\nMe: \"Damn.\"",
"id": 45,
"safe": true,
"lang": "en"
},
]

map()

map() 方法转换数组中的每一项,对其应用一个函数并将结果存储在一个新数组中,而不实际更改初始数组。

例子

我们已从后端请求数据,并希望从该数据中提取信息。 在这种情况下,我们从 RandomDataAPI 请求随机用户数据,并希望将每个人的年龄提取到一个数组中。

const response = [
{
"id": 7433,
"uid": "4c2c1731-2c3c-4983-b39f-0f988791e98f",
"password": "L903JpXGAj",
"first_name": "Dalene",
"last_name": "Kuhn",
"username": "dalene.kuhn",
"email": "dalene.kuhn@email.com",
"avatar": "https://robohash.org/autmagnisunt.png?size=300x300&set=set1",
"gender": "Agender",
"phone_number": "+964 771-857-9446 x77784",
"social_insurance_number": "607847845",
"age": 25,
},
{
"id": 3764,
"uid": "0c1c9485-2b90-4e68-a795-0e4925aa8344",
"password": "XjyI92Y1dl",
"first_name": "Laurence",
"last_name": "Lowe",
"username": "laurence.lowe",
"email": "laurence.lowe@email.com",
"avatar": "https://robohash.org/quinonomnis.png?size=300x300&set=set1",
"gender": "Agender",
"phone_number": "+689 743-128-5476 x530",
"social_insurance_number": "737935460",
"age": 30,
},
{
"id": 9408,
"uid": "4933cb5d-f4f5-4bc3-8d37-f4c9b3129923",
"password": "JrI8e4KVjs",
"first_name": "Gabriella",
"last_name": "Tillman",
"username": "gabriella.tillman",
"email": "gabriella.tillman@email.com",
"avatar": "https://robohash.org/repellatmaioresmolestiae.png?size=300x300&set=set1",
"gender": "Bigender",
"phone_number": "+675 552-834-4168 x39534",
"age": 21,
}
]

const arrayOfAges = response.map(person person.age);
console.log("arrayOfAges: ", arrayOfAges)
arrayOfAges: [25, 30, 21]

reduce()

reduce() 方法通过对每个元素应用一个函数并累积结果,将数组缩减为单个值。 这是查找总数或查找所有项目平均值的好方法。

例子

我们有一个包含每月存款的数组,我们想知道所有存款的总和。

const depositsArray = [{
id: 1231,
deposit: 5,
currency: '$',},{
id: 1231,
deposit: 10,
currency: '$',},{
id: 1231,
deposit: 20,
currency: '$',},{
id: 1231,
deposit: 5,
currency: '$',},{
id: 1231,
deposit: 15,
currency: '$',},
];



const sumOfDeposits = depositsArray.reduce((total, transaction) =>
total + transaction.deposit, 0
);

console.log('depositsArray: ', depositsArray);
console.log('sumOfDeposits: ', sumOfDeposits);
depositsArray: [{...}, {...}, {...}, {...}, {...}]
sumOfDeposits: 55

some()

some() 方法检查数组中的至少一个元素是否满足由提供的函数实现的测试。 如果它确实满足测试,它将返回true; 否则,它将返回 false。

例子

我们已从后端请求用户,并想知道其中一个是否已被标记为机器人。

const response = [
{
id: 101,
firstName: 'Muhammad',
lastName: 'Ovi',
age: 25,
isBot: false,
},
{
id: 102,
firstName: 'John',
lastName: 'Doe',
age: 30,
isBot: true,
},
{
id: 103,
firstName: 'Chris',
lastName: 'Smith',
age: 27,
isBot: false,
},
];

const isNotValidUsers = response.some((user) => user.isBot === false);

console.log("isNotValidUsers: ", isNotValidUsers)
isNotValidUsers: true

every()

every() 方法检查数组中的每个元素是否满足由提供的函数实现的测试。 如果是,它将返回 true; 否则,它将返回 false

例子

我们的购物车中有一份产品清单,想检查是否有库存。

const response = [
{
"id": 1,
"title": "iPhone 9",
"price": 549,
"discountPercentage": 12.96,
"rating": 4.69,
"stock": 94
},
{
"id": 2,
"title": "Apple Watch",
"price": 300,
"discountPercentage": 10,
"rating": 4.40,
"stock": 20
},
{
"id": 3,
"title": "Apple Headphones",
"price": 600,
"discountPercentage": 7,
"rating": 4.65,
"stock": 2
},
]

const hasStock = response.every((item) => item.stock > 0);

console.log("hasStock: ", hasStock);
hasStock: true

结论

数组是任何编程语言中最基本和最重要的数据结构之一。 在学习 JavaScript 时,了解如何使用这些数组方法更有效地操作和存储数据会很有帮助。 这些方法包括 filter()、map()、reduce()、some() 和 every(),它们可以帮助您提高代码效率。