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采用『Prometheus+Grafana』安装部署方式实现对Linux系统主机监控管理

2023-02-18 16:27:11 时间

文章目录

基于CentOS 7.9系统安装操作

参考链接?：Install on RPM-based Linux | Grafana Labs

本安装过程基于VMware虚拟机上进行操作。

基于CentOS 7.9系统进行搭建部署。

〇、参考链接

1️⃣Grafana: The open observability platform | Grafana Labs

2️⃣Install on RPM-based Linux | Grafana Labs

3️⃣Prometheus | Grafana Labs

4️⃣Prometheus（一）：Prometheus+Grafana 安装配置 - Aiden郭祥跃 - 博客园

一、前期准备

1、安装CentOS系统

此处安装步骤省略

2、准备部署环境

(1)修改主机名

[root@grafana ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname grafana
[root@grafana ~]# bash
[root@grafana ~]# hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: grafana
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 68fd3df47b4549708fadff037e734008
           Boot ID: 9839e70e6c7c48c0a993a989fdd23c42
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.53.1.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

(2)查看CentOS版本号

[root@computer-vm ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

(3)配置网络参数信息

[root@grafana ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
[root@grafana ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens32
UUID=0cf8b554-d0e7-47d1-b2ce-73ebe8b1ecbe
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.200.60
NETWORK=24
GATEWAY=192.168.200.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
DNS2=192.168.200.1

(4)关闭防火墙

[root@grafana ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@grafana ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@grafana ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

Jan 30 23:16:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Jan 30 23:16:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Jan 30 23:25:26 grafana systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Jan 30 23:25:27 grafana systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@grafana ~]#

(5)关闭SELINUX安全模式

[root@grafana ~]# setenforce 0
[root@grafana ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@grafana ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@grafana ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled		//重启生效
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted


[root@grafana ~]#

3、测试网络连通性

[root@grafana ~]# ping qq.com
PING qq.com (123.151.137.18) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 123.151.137.18 (123.151.137.18): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=31.0 ms
64 bytes from 123.151.137.18 (123.151.137.18): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=32.1 ms
64 bytes from 123.151.137.18 (123.151.137.18): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=31.2 ms
64 bytes from 123.151.137.18 (123.151.137.18): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=32.7 ms
64 bytes from 123.151.137.18 (123.151.137.18): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=32.6 ms
^C
--- qq.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4009ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 31.028/31.952/32.706/0.695 ms
[root@grafana ~]#

4、备份并缓存YUM源

  • 备份系统自带YUM源
[root@grafana ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@grafana yum.repos.d]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@grafana yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@grafana yum.repos.d]# cp -r CentOS-* bak/
[root@grafana yum.repos.d]# ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  187 Jan 30 23:30 bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@grafana yum.repos.d]# cd bak/
[root@grafana bak]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Jan 30 23:30 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Jan 30 23:30 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Jan 30 23:30 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Jan 30 23:30 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Jan 30 23:30 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Jan 30 23:30 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Jan 30 23:30 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@grafana bak]#

5、重新加载YUM源镜像

[root@grafana ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
[root@grafana ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
base                                                                                                           | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
extras                                                                                                         | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
updates                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                 | 153 kB  00:00:00
(2/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                           | 259 kB  00:00:00
(3/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                               | 145 kB  00:00:00
(4/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                          | 7.4 MB  00:00:00
(5/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                             | 243 kB  00:00:00
(6/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                 | 2.6 MB  00:00:00
(7/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                             | 7.2 MB  00:00:01
(8/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                               | 6.1 MB  00:00:01
(9/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                            |  13 MB  00:00:00
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                             | 955 kB  00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created
[root@grafana ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
repo id                                                        repo name                                                        status
base/7/x86_64                                                  CentOS-7 - Base                                                  10,072
extras/7/x86_64                                                CentOS-7 - Extras                                                   500
updates/7/x86_64                                               CentOS-7 - Updates                                                3,369
repolist: 13,941
[root@grafana ~]#

6、更新YUM源仓库

执行yum update 命令

二、环境部署规划表

系统

主机名

IP地址

服务端/监视器/Prometheus服务端/Grafana服务端

CentOS 7.9

grafana

192.168.200.30

客户端①/被监控主机①

CentOS 7.9

centos7

192.168.200.40

客户端②/被监控主机②

CentOS 7.9

Computer-VM

192.168.200.20

三、操作步骤

Ⅰ、Prometheus服务端安装部署

Prometheus服务端基于服务端192.168.200.30进行操作部署。

1.1、安装Go环境

采用源码编译安装的方式，下载最新版本的安装包地址： Downloads - The Go Programming Language

Go环境Linux版本安装包： https://go.dev/dl/go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz 

[root@grafana ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@grafana local]# curl -OL https://go.dev/dl/go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100    75  100    75    0     0    104      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   104
100  128M  100  128M    0     0  2150k      0  0:01:01  0:01:01 --:--:-- 2228k
[root@grafana local]# ls
bin  etc  games  go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@grafana local]#

1.2、将Go压缩包解压

bin  etc  games  go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@grafana local]# tar -zxf go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@grafana local]# ls
bin  etc  games  go  go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@grafana local]#

1.3、配置环境变量

[root@grafana local]# vim /etc/profile
-bash: vim: command not found 
//出现上述报错信息，执行yum install -y vim*命令安装Vim编辑器
[root@grafana local]# yum install -y vim*
[root@grafana local]# vim /etc/profile
[root@grafana local]# cat /etc/profile
//在profile配置文件里最后添加以下两行命令，保存并退出即可
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
[root@grafana local]# source /etc/profile
//执行此命令，使其生效

1.4、测试Go环境是否安装成功

执行go version命令，查询版本号，成功显示，即安装完成。

[root@grafana local]# go version
go version go1.17.6 linux/amd64
[root@grafana local]#

2.1、下载 Prometheus 安装包

Prometheus安装包下载地址： Download | Prometheus

Prometheus Linux版本压缩包下载链接： prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

[root@grafana local]# curl -OL https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.33.0/prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   671  100   671    0     0    566      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:--   566
100 72.3M  100 72.3M    0     0  1987k      0  0:00:37  0:00:37 --:--:-- 2188k
[root@grafana local]# ls
bin  games  go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz  lib    libexec                               sbin   src
etc  go     include                      lib64  prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz  share
[root@grafana local]#

2.2、解压 Prometheus 压缩包

[root@grafana local]# tar -zxf prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@grafana local]# ls
bin    go                           lib      prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64         share
etc    go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz  lib64    prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz  src
games  include                      libexec  sbin
[root@grafana local]# mv prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64 prometheus
//修改安装包文件名称
[root@grafana local]# ls
bin  games  go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz  lib    libexec     prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz  share
etc  go     include                      lib64  prometheus  sbin                                  src
[root@grafana local]#

2.3、启动并验证Prometheus服务

[root@grafana local]# cd prometheus
[root@grafana prometheus]# ls
console_libraries  consoles  LICENSE  NOTICE  prometheus  prometheus.yml  promtool
[root@grafana prometheus]# ./prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml &

验证Prometheus服务是否启动，打开浏览器输入http://192.168.200.30:9090，打开Prometheus自带的监控界面。

按CTRL+C键结束Prometheus进程。

2.4、设置Prometheus服务开机自启动

  • 添加prometheus.service配置文件
[root@grafana prometheus]# vim /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[root@grafana prometheus]# cat /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Monitoring System
Documentation=Prometheus Monitoring System
 
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.listen-address=:9090
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@grafana prometheus]#
  • 启动Prometheus服务，并设置开机自启动
[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl start prometheus.service
[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl enable prometheus.service
[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus.service
● prometheus.service - Prometheus Monitoring System
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-01-31 15:02:37 CST; 1s ago
 Main PID: 9877 (prometheus)
   CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
           └─9877 /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.listen-address=:9090...

Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.065Z caller=head.go:533 level=info component=tsdb msg="Re...while"
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.067Z caller=tls_config.go:195 level=info component=web ms...=false
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.480Z caller=head.go:604 level=info component=tsdb msg="WA...ment=1
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.481Z caller=head.go:604 level=info component=tsdb msg="WA...ment=1
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.481Z caller=head.go:610 level=info component=tsdb msg="WA…915309ms
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.484Z caller=main.go:944 level=info fs_type=XFS_SUPER_MAGIC
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.484Z caller=main.go:947 level=info msg="TSDB started"
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.484Z caller=main.go:1128 level=info msg="Loading configur...us.yml
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.491Z caller=main.go:1165 level=info msg="Completed loading of c…µs
Jan 31 15:02:37 grafana prometheus[9877]: ts=2022-01-31T07:02:37.491Z caller=main.go:896 level=info msg="Server is ready t...ests."
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@grafana prometheus]#
  • 若遇到以下启动失败报错信息，查看之前启动的Prometheus服务是否关闭
[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus.service
● prometheus.service - Prometheus Monitoring System
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Mon 2022-01-31 15:01:16 CST; 9s ago
 Main PID: 9814 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Jan 31 15:01:16 grafana systemd[1]: prometheus.service failed.
Jan 31 15:01:16 grafana systemd[1]: prometheus.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Jan 31 15:01:16 grafana systemd[1]: Stopped Prometheus Monitoring System.
Jan 31 15:01:16 grafana systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for prometheus.service
Jan 31 15:01:16 grafana systemd[1]: Failed to start Prometheus Monitoring System.
Jan 31 15:01:16 grafana systemd[1]: Unit prometheus.service entered failed state.
Jan 31 15:01:16 grafana systemd[1]: prometheus.service failed.
Jan 31 15:01:20 grafana systemd[1]: [/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service:3] Invalid URL, ignoring: Prometheus
Jan 31 15:01:20 grafana systemd[1]: [/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service:3] Invalid URL, ignoring: Monitoring
Jan 31 15:01:20 grafana systemd[1]: [/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service:3] Invalid URL, ignoring: System
[root@grafana prometheus]# ps -aux		//查看服务进程
[root@grafana prometheus]# kill 9773	//执行kill命令，结束此进程
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.396Z caller=main.go:775 level=warn msg="Received SIGTERM, exiting gracefully..."
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.396Z caller=main.go:798 level=info msg="Stopping scrape discovery manager..."
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.396Z caller=main.go:812 level=info msg="Stopping notify discovery manager..."
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.396Z caller=main.go:834 level=info msg="Stopping scrape manager..."
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.396Z caller=main.go:794 level=info msg="Scrape discovery manager stopped"
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.396Z caller=main.go:808 level=info msg="Notify discovery manager stopped"
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.397Z caller=manager.go:945 level=info component="rule manager" msg="Stopping rule manager..."
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.397Z caller=manager.go:955 level=info component="rule manager" msg="Rule manager stopped"
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.397Z caller=main.go:828 level=info msg="Scrape manager stopped"
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.398Z caller=notifier.go:600 level=info component=notifier msg="Stopping notification manager..."
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.398Z caller=main.go:1054 level=info msg="Notifier manager stopped"
ts=2022-01-31T07:02:05.398Z caller=main.go:1066 level=info msg="See you next time!"

[1]+  Done                    ./prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
[root@grafana prometheus]#systemctl daemon-reload //重新加载再启动服务

至此，Prometheus服务配置完成。

Ⅱ、Grafana服务端安装部署

Prometheus自带的监控页面显示的内容没有那么直观，安装Grafana监控数据看起来更加直观

1.1、下载并安装

方法一：从 YUM 存储库安装

?遇到以下报错信息，执行以下命令安装vim编辑器即可。

[root@grafana ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/grafana.repo
bash: vim: command not found
[root@grafana ~]# yum install -y vim*

?将新文件添加到 YUM 存储库

[root@grafana ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/grafana.repo
[root@grafana ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/grafana.repo
[grafana]
name=grafana
baseurl=https://packages.grafana.com/enterprise/rpm
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
[root@grafana ~]#

使用以下命令之一安装 Grafana

sudo yum install grafana
# or
sudo yum install grafana-enterprise
[root@grafana ~]# yum install grafana-enterprise
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
grafana/signature                                                                                              |  454 B  00:00:00
Retrieving key from https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key
Importing GPG key 0x24098CB6:
 Userid     : "Grafana <info@grafana.com>"
 Fingerprint: 4e40 ddf6 d76e 284a 4a67 80e4 8c8c 34c5 2409 8cb6
 From       : https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key
Is this ok [y/N]: y
grafana/signature                                                                                              | 3.0 kB  00:00:17 !!!
grafana/primary_db                                                                                             |  92 kB  00:00:01
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package grafana-enterprise.x86_64 0:8.3.4-1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: urw-fonts for package: grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package urw-base35-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-fonts-common = 20170801-10.el7 for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-z003-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-p052-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-nimbus-sans-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-nimbus-roman-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-nimbus-mono-ps-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-gothic-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-d050000l-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-c059-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: urw-base35-bookman-fonts for package: urw-base35-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package urw-base35-bookman-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-server-utils for package: urw-base35-bookman-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-server-utils for package: urw-base35-bookman-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-font-utils for package: urw-base35-bookman-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-font-utils for package: urw-base35-bookman-fonts-20170801-10.el7.noarch
---> Package urw-base35-c059-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-d050000l-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-fonts-common.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-gothic-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-nimbus-mono-ps-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-nimbus-roman-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-nimbus-sans-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-p052-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
---> Package urw-base35-z003-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.5-21.el7.x86_64
---> Package xorg-x11-server-utils.x86_64 0:7.7-20.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXxf86misc.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-20.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXmuu.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-20.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXmu.so.6()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-20.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.2-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================================
 Package                                            Arch                 Version                          Repository             Size
======================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 grafana-enterprise                                 x86_64               8.3.4-1                          grafana                78 M
Installing for dependencies:
 libXmu                                             x86_64               1.1.2-2.el7                      base                   71 k
 libXxf86misc                                       x86_64               1.0.3-7.1.el7                    base                   19 k
 libfontenc                                         x86_64               1.1.3-3.el7                      base                   31 k
 urw-base35-bookman-fonts                           noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  852 k
 urw-base35-c059-fonts                              noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  879 k
 urw-base35-d050000l-fonts                          noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                   75 k
 urw-base35-fonts                                   noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  7.6 k
 urw-base35-fonts-common                            noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                   19 k
 urw-base35-gothic-fonts                            noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  650 k
 urw-base35-nimbus-mono-ps-fonts                    noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  796 k
 urw-base35-nimbus-roman-fonts                      noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  860 k
 urw-base35-nimbus-sans-fonts                       noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  1.3 M
 urw-base35-p052-fonts                              noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  978 k
 urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts               noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                   40 k
 urw-base35-z003-fonts                              noarch               20170801-10.el7                  base                  275 k
 xorg-x11-font-utils                                x86_64               1:7.5-21.el7                     base                  104 k
 xorg-x11-server-utils                              x86_64               7.7-20.el7                       base                  178 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+17 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 84 M
Installed size: 276 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]:y

************
*安装过程省略*
************

Installed:
  grafana-enterprise.x86_64 0:8.3.4-1

Dependency Installed:
  libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.2-2.el7                                    libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7
  libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7                                urw-base35-bookman-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7
  urw-base35-c059-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7                 urw-base35-d050000l-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7
  urw-base35-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7                      urw-base35-fonts-common.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7
  urw-base35-gothic-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7               urw-base35-nimbus-mono-ps-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7
  urw-base35-nimbus-roman-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7         urw-base35-nimbus-sans-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7
  urw-base35-p052-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7                 urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7
  urw-base35-z003-fonts.noarch 0:20170801-10.el7                 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7
  xorg-x11-server-utils.x86_64 0:7.7-20.el7

Complete!

方法二：使用 YUM 手动安装

详情操作步骤请自行官网浏览操作

方法三：使用 RPM 安装

详情操作步骤请自行官网浏览操作

参考链接：Install on RPM-based Linux | Grafana Labs

下载RPM包链接：Download Grafana | Grafana Labs

//提示未安装wget服务
[root@grafana local]# wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64.rpm
-bash: wget: command not found

//执行yum install -y wget命令安装即可
[root@grafana local]# yum install -y wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================
 Package                 Arch                      Version                               Repository               Size
=======================================================================================================================
Installing:
 wget                    x86_64                    1.14-18.el7_6.1                       base                    547 k

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 547 k
Installed size: 2.0 M
Downloading packages:
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                 | 547 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64                                                                         1/1 
  Verifying  : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64                                                                         1/1 

Installed:
  wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7_6.1                                                                                        

Complete!
[root@grafana local]# wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64.rpm
--2022-01-31 15:28:20--  https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64.rpm
Resolving dl.grafana.com (dl.grafana.com)... 199.232.194.217, 199.232.198.217, 2a04:4e42:4c::729, ...
Connecting to dl.grafana.com (dl.grafana.com)|199.232.194.217|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 81275912 (78M) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64.rpm’

100%[=============================================================================>] 81,275,912  2.17MB/s   in 37s    

2022-01-31 15:28:58 (2.12 MB/s) - ‘grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64.rpm’ saved [81275912/81275912]

[root@grafana local]# 
[root@grafana local]# ls
bin  games  go1.17.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz            include  lib64    prometheus                            sbin   src
etc  go     grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64.rpm  lib      libexec  prometheus-2.33.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz  share
[root@grafana local]# yum install grafana-enterprise-8.3.4-1.x86_64.rpm

1.2、启动并设置开机自启动服务

[root@grafana local]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@grafana local]# systemctl start grafana-server
[root@grafana local]# systemctl enable grafana-server
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/grafana-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service.
[root@grafana local]# systemctl status grafana-server
● grafana-server.service - Grafana instance
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-01-31 15:34:48 CST; 13s ago
     Docs: http://docs.grafana.org
 Main PID: 50955 (grafana-server)
   CGroup: /system.slice/grafana-server.service
           └─50955 /usr/sbin/grafana-server --config=/etc/grafana/grafana.ini --pidfile=/var/run/grafana/grafana-ser...

Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:29] Unknown lvalue 'Protec...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:31] Unknown lvalue 'Protec...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:32] Unknown lvalue 'Protec...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:33] Unknown lvalue 'Protec...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:34] Unknown lvalue 'Protec...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:35] Unknown lvalue 'Protec...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:37] Unknown lvalue 'Remove...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:39] Unknown lvalue 'Restri...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:40] Unknown lvalue 'Restri...rvice'
Jan 31 15:34:53 grafana systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/grafana-server.service:41] Unknown lvalue 'Restri...rvice'
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@grafana local]#

1.3、访问Grafana控制页面

打开浏览器，输入http://192.168.200.30:3000(端口为3000)，打开Grafana控制面板， 初始默认账号和密码均为 admin，初次登录需要修改密码。

设置新的登录密码

进入Web控制界面

2.1、添加Prometheus数据源

点击Data sources

点击“Add data source”

添加Prometheus数据源

填写数据源信息

URL处填写Prometheus服务所在的IP地址，此处将Prometheus服务与Grafana安装在同一台机器上，直接填写localhost即可。

点击Save & test，保存并测试。如图所示。

Dashboards页面选择“Prometheus 2.0 Stats”

点击Dashboards选项卡，选择Prometheus 2.0 Stats

2.2、查看Prometheus监控

至此Prometheus服务端及Grafana配置完成。

Ⅲ、安装 node-exporter 插件

在需要被监视的Linux主机上安装node-exporter 插件，进行安装部署监控。

1.1、下载 node-exporter 插件

注意：注意需要下载对应的版本插件，否则会启动失败！！！

插件下载链接?：node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-386.tar.gz

[root@centos7 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@centos7 local]# curl -OL https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-386.tar.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   671  100   671    0     0    327      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:--   327
100 8422k  100 8422k    0     0  1037k      0  0:00:08  0:00:08 --:--:-- 1824k
[root@centos7 local]#

1.2、解压压缩包并更改名称

[root@centos7 local]# tar -zxf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-386.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 local]# mv node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-386 node_exporter

1.3、启动并验证服务是否正常启动

[root@centos7 local]# cd node_exporter
[root@centos7 node_exporter]# ./node_exporter

打开浏览器，输入http://192.168.200.40:9100

输入http://192.168.200.40:9100/metrics，出现以下数据，表示服务启动。

按CTRL+C键结束node_exporter进程

1.4、设置node_exporter开机自启动

创建node_exporter服务，让node_exporter以服务的方式，开机自启。

添加node_exporter.service配置文件

vim /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[root@centos7 node_exporter]# vim /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[root@centos7 node_exporter]# cat /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
After=network.target 

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@centos7 node_exporter]#

启动node_exporter，并设置开机自启动

[root@centos7 node_exporter]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@centos7 node_exporter]# systemctl start node_exporter
[root@centos7 node_exporter]# systemctl enable node_exporter
[root@centos7 node_exporter]# systemctl status node_exporter

至此node_exporter配置完成。

Ⅳ、配置Prometheus

1.1、修改Prometheus 配置

进入Prometheus的安装文件夹，打开Prometheus配置文件。

在scrape_configs标签下，添加以下内容，配置监控主机信息。

[root@grafana ~]# cd /usr/local/prometheus
[root@grafana prometheus]# ll
total 196060
drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434        38 Jan 30 05:53 console_libraries
drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434       173 Jan 30 05:53 consoles
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root        58 Jan 31 15:02 data
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434     11357 Jan 30 05:53 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434      3773 Jan 30 05:53 NOTICE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 104419069 Jan 30 05:47 prometheus
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434       934 Jan 30 05:53 prometheus.yml
-rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434  96325624 Jan 30 05:50 promtool
[root@grafana prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml 
[root@grafana prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml 
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]

  - job_name: 'CentOS7.9'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.56.201:9100']
        labels:
        instance: CentOS系统监控管理平台
[root@grafana prometheus]#

1.2、重启Prometheus服务

[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus

1.3、浏览器访问Prometheus控制面板

打开浏览器，输入http://192.168.200.30:9090/targets，查看到主机已经显示。

至此，被监控的Linux主机已经加入。

Ⅴ、配置Grafana

1.1、添加dashboard

Grafana官方为我们提供了很多dashboard页面，可直接下载使用。浏览器访问 https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards下载所需要的dashboard页面

本示例使用的Dashboard如下图所示，链接如下：

1 Node Exporter for Prometheus Dashboard CN 20201010 dashboard for Grafana | Grafana Labs

1.2、复制此Dashboard ID

复制 ID，并下载JSON文件，用于之后的导入。

1.3、选择import

1.4、上传JSON文件

1.5、导入完成，实现监控管理

至此Prometheus+Grafana 安装配置，并实现监控Linux主机，配置完成。

Ⅵ、新添加一台被监视主机

1.1、修改 prometheus.yml 配置文件

基于服务端，即监控端进行操作。 

[root@grafana prometheus]# pwd
/usr/local/prometheus
[root@grafana prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml 
//添加新node主机信息
- job_name: 'Computer-VM'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.200.20:9100']
        labels:
          instance: Computer-VM
//按:wq保存退出即可
[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl daemon-reload 		 //重新加载
[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus  //重启服务
[root@grafana prometheus]# systemctl status prometheus	 //查看服务状态

1.2、查看新添被监控主机的控制面板信息

添加完成。

至此，新添加一台被监视的Linux主机完成。

四、部署总结与心得体会

本实验采用Prometheus+Grafana的安装部署方式实现对Linux系统主机的统一监控，Prometheus自带有监控功能，但不能简洁直观的反映出被监控端的详细信息。这时，采用grafana中提供的丰富的Dashboard页面，简洁直观的显示系统的各个参数的详细情况，给人焕然一新的感觉，便于维护管理。

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