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Java Review - HashMap & HashSet 源码解读

源码
2023-03-14 22:52:33 时间

文章目录

概述

  • HashMap实现了Map接口，即允许放入key为null的元素，也允许插入value为null的元素；
  • 除该类未实现同步外，其余跟Hashtable大致相同；
  • 跟TreeMap不同，HashMap容器不保证元素顺序，根据需要该容器可能会对元素重新哈希，元素的顺序也会被重新打散，因此不同时间迭代同一个HashMap的顺序可能会不同。
  • 根据对冲突的处理方式不同，哈希表有两种实现方式，一种开放地址方式(Open addressing)，另一种是冲突链表方式(Separate chaining with linked lists)。Java7 HashMap采用的是冲突链表方式。
  • HashSet仅仅是对HashMap做了一层包装，也就是说HashSet里面有一个HashMap(适配器模式)。

我们这里将重点分析HashMap。

构造函数

  /**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
     * capacity and load factor.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
     *         or the load factor is nonpositive
     */
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                               loadFactor);
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
     * capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative.
     */
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
     * (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
     */
    public HashMap() {
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <tt>HashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the
     * specified <tt>Map</tt>.  The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with
     * default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to
     * hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>.
     *
     * @param   m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
     * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null
     */
    public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
        putMapEntries(m, false);
    }

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