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利用BBED恢复数据文件头

文件 数据
2023-02-26 12:27:56 时间

BBED> copy file 4 block 4 to file 5 block 1
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001

1ea20000 04000001 1a4b0000 00000104 99810000

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<32 bytes per line>

[email protected]> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
[email protected]> starup
SP2-0042: unknown command “starup” – rest of line ignored.
[email protected]> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes
Fixed Size 2233960 bytes
Variable Size 251660696 bytes
Database Buffers 679477248 bytes
Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf’
ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt

BBED开始恢复

1、找个文件头覆盖
BBED> copy file 4 block 1 to file 5 block 1
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001

0ba20000 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000

<32 bytes per line>

2、进入5文件1号块
BBED> set file 5 block 1

    FILE#           5     BLOCK#          1

（1）改块的地址5文件1号块，rdba_kcbh

BBED> p kcvfhbfh
struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x0b
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 0xa2
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 0x00
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 0x00
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x01000001
ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00000000
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 0x0000
ub1 seq_kcbh @14 0x01
ub1 flg_kcbh @15 0x04 (KCBHFCKV)
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 0xbced
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 0x0000

0x01000001===》0000 0001 0000==》100==》4号文件1号块
修改成5号1块 ===》0x01400001
BBED> d /v offset 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001

01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 l …………í?..
00000000
BBED> m /x 01004001 offset 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001

01004001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 00000000

(2)文件的大小kccfhfsz

BBED> p kcvfhhdr
struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20
ub4 kccfhswv @20 0x00000000
ub4 kccfhcvn @24 0x0b200000
ub4 kccfhdbi @28 0x0f302c3e
text kccfhdbn[0] @32 P
text kccfhdbn[1] @33 R
text kccfhdbn[2] @34 O
text kccfhdbn[3] @35 D
text kccfhdbn[4] @36
text kccfhdbn[5] @37
text kccfhdbn[6] @38
text kccfhdbn[7] @39
ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00000d3d
ub4 kccfhfsz @44 0x00003200
s_blkz kccfhbsz @48 0x00
ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004
ub2 kccfhtyp @54 0x0003
ub4 kccfhacid @56 0x00000000
ub4 kccfhcks @60 0x00000000
text kccfhtag[0] @64
………………..
[email protected]> select name from v$dbfile where file#=5;

NAME

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf

[[email protected] PROD]$ ls -lFtr |grep tp01
-rw-r—–. 1 oracle oinstall 524296192 Jun 8 18:58 tp01.dbf

[email protected]> select 524296192/8192 from dual;

524296192/8192

     64001

注：0号块他是操作系头不为ORACLE所控制
64001-1=64000个块（10进制）

64000（10）==fa00(16)=====>bbed存储：00fa0000

BBED> d /v offset 44
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001

00320000 00200000 04000300 00000000 l .2… ……….
00000000
BBED> m /x 00fa0000 44
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001

00fa0000 00200000 04000300 00000000 00000000

(3)修改文件号（4—>5）

ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004

BBED> d /v offset 52
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001

04000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 l …………….
00000000

BBED> m /x 05 offset 52
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001

05000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

(4)修改文件创建时SCN

BBED> p kcvfhcrs
struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100
ub4 kscnbas @100 0x00004b14
ub2 kscnwrp @104 0x0000

[email protected]> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE# from v$datafile where file#=5;

 FILE# CREATION_CHANGE#
     5           363921

[email protected]> select to_char(‘363921′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

TO_CHAR(‘36392

     58d91   ===（倒：918d0500）==》00058d91

BBED> d /v offset 100
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001

144b0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l .K……0?>2¤.￥2
ec4f1900

BBED> m /x 918d offset 100
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001

918d0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900

BBED> m /x 0500 offset 102
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 102 to 121 Dba:0x01400001

05000000 000030cf 3e32a41d a532ec4f 19000000

BBED> d /v offset 100
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001

918d0500 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l ……..0?>2¤.￥2
ec4f1900

(5)修改文件创建时间
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30
BBED> p kcvfhcrt
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30

[email protected]> select file#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) createTime,
2 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,’yyyy’)-1988)1231243600+
3 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,’mm’)-1)3124*3600+
4 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,’dd’)-1)243600+
5 to_char(CREATION_TIME,’hh24′)*3600+
6 to_char(CREATION_TIME,’mi’)*60+
7 to_char(CREATION_TIME,’ss’) createTimeSCN
8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5);

 FILE# CREATETIME          CREATETIMESCN
     4 2014-03-23 16:17:52     842977072      5 2014-03-29 10:32:22     843474742

[email protected]> select ‘4’ file#, to_char(‘842977072′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

F TO_CHAR(‘842977

4 323ecf30 ===>倒：30cf3e32

[email protected]> select ‘5’ file#,to_char(‘843474742′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

[email protected]> select ‘5’ file#,to_char(‘843474742′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

F TO_CHAR(‘843474

5 32466736 ==》36674632

BBED> d /v offset 108
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001

30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 l 0?>2¤.￥2ìO……
d713a532

BBED> m /x 36674632 offset 108
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001

36674632 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 d713a532

(6)修改表空间号
sword kcvfhtsn @332 4

[email protected]> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5);

 FILE#        TS#
     4          4      5          5

BBED> d /v offset 332
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001

04000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 l ……USERS…..
00000000 l ….

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 05 offset 332
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001

05000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 00000000

(7)修改相对文件号
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 0x00000004

BBED> d /v offset 368
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001

04000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l …………….
00000000 l ….

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 05 offset 368
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001

05000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

(8)修改表空间的名称
BBED> p kcvfhtnm
text kcvfhtnm[0] @338 U
text kcvfhtnm[1] @339 S
text kcvfhtnm[2] @340 E
text kcvfhtnm[3] @341 R
text kcvfhtnm[4] @342 S
text kcvfhtnm[5] @343
text kcvfhtnm[6] @344
text kcvfhtnm[7] @345
text kcvfhtnm[8] @346
text kcvfhtnm[9] @347
text kcvfhtnm[10] @348
text kcvfhtnm[11] @349
text kcvfhtnm[12] @350

[email protected]> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5);

 FILE#        TS#
     4          4      5          5

[email protected]> select TS#,NAME from v$tablespace where ts# in(4,5);

   TS# NAME
     4 USERS      5 TP1

BBED> d /v offset 338
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001

55534552 53000000 00000000 00000000 l USERS………..
00000000

[email protected]> select dump(‘USERS’,16) from dual;

DUMP(‘USERS’,16)

Typ=96 Len=5: 55,53,45,52,53

[email protected]> select dump(‘TP1’,16) from dual;

DUMP(‘TP1’,16)

Typ=96 Len=3: 54,50,31

BBED> m /x 54503100 offset 338
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001

54503100 53000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 00 offset 342
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 342 to 361 Dba:0x01400001

00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v offset 338
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001

54503100 00000000 00000000 00000000 l TP1………….
00000000

(9)修改表空间的长度
ub2 kcvfhtln @336 0x0005

BBED> d /v offset 336
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001

05005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 l ..TP1………..
00000000 l ….

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 03 offset 336
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001

03005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

(10)检查点

BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484

  ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x0019b1a1   --->1683873   ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000

ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 –>849713441
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500

  struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500           ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x00000002      ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x000002e0      ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0010

ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00

[email protected]> select file#,rfile#,CREATION_TIME,checkpoint_change#,unrecoverable_change#,offline_change# from v$datafile;

 FILE#     RFILE# CREATION_ CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE#
     1          1 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859      2          2 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859      3          3 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859      4          4 23-MAR-14            1683873                     0         1658859      5          5 29-MAR-14            1684251                     0         1658859

[email protected]> select to_number(’19b1a1′,’xxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

TO_NUMBER(’19B1A1′,’XXXXXXXXXXXX’)

                       1683873

[email protected]> select to_number(’32a59921′,’xxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

TO_NUMBER(’32A59921′,’XXXXXXXXXXXX’)

                       849713441

[email protected]> select file#,to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) createTime,
2 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,’yyyy’)-1988)1231243600+
3 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,’mm’)-1)3124*3600+
4 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,’dd’)-1)243600+
5 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,’hh24′)*3600+
6 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,’mi’)*60+
7 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,’ss’) createTimeSCN
8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5);

 FILE# CREATETIME          CREATETIMESCN
     4 2014-06-08 15:30:41     849713441      5 2014-06-08 15:38:33     849713913

[email protected]> [email protected]> select to_char(‘1684251′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

TO_CHAR(‘1684251

      19b31b   ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN

[email protected]> select to_char(‘849713913′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

TO_CHAR(‘8497139

    32a59af9  ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间

ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0019b1a1 ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN 19b31b (倒：1bb319)
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间32a59af9（倒：f99aa532）

BBED> d /v offset 484
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001

a1b11900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 l ?±……!.￥2….
02000000

BBED> m /x 1bb319 offset 484
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001

1bb31900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 02000000

BBED> d /v offset 492
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001

2199a532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 l !.￥2……..à…
10007261

BBED> m /x f99a offset 492
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001

f99aa532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 10007261

校验块

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY – Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 1

DBVERIFY – Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

检查物理坏块

[[email protected] PROD]$ dbv file=tp01.dbf start=1 end=2

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Sun Jun 8 21:48:37 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY – Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf

DBVERIFY – Verification complete

Total Pages Examined : 2
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 2
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 0
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 1687542 (0.1687542)

打开数据库报错

[email protected]> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
[email protected]> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes
Fixed Size 2233960 bytes
Variable Size 251660696 bytes
Database Buffers 679477248 bytes
Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf’
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file – old control file

怀疑检查点计数器，这里我先用BBED（方法1重建控制文件，方法2利用BBED修改计算器）

ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x00000102

ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000101

idle> alter session set events ‘immediate trace name controlf level 8’;

Session altered.

DATA FILE #5:
name #4: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
creation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=4 tail=4 dup=1
tablespace 5, index=5 krfil=5 prev_file=0
unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
Checkpoint cnt:226 scn: 0x0000.0019b31b 06/08/2014 15:38:33
Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 06/08/2014 07:44:07
Creation Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.00058d91 03/29/2014 10:32:22
thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0)

[email protected]> select to_char(‘226′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

TO_CHAR(‘226’,

        e2

[email protected]> select to_char(‘225′,’xxxxxxxxxxxxx’) from dual;

TO_CHAR(‘225’,

        e1

BBED> d /v offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001

02010000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 l …..?￥2….2O..
00000000

BBED> m /x e200 offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001

e2000000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001

01010000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 l ….2O……×.￥2
01000000 l ….

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x e100 offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)

Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001

e1000000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 01000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 1:
current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY – Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 1

DBVERIFY – Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

再次打开库，OK!

[email protected]> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

MOUNTED

[email protected]> alter database open;

Database altered.

修改数据文件头的注意点：

1、修改数据的DBA,rdba_kcbh

2、修改文件的大小，kccfhfsz

3、修改文件号，kccfhfno

4、修改文件创建时SCN，kcvfhcrs

5、修改文件创建时间，kcvfhcrt

6、修改表空间号，kcvfhtsn

7、修改相对文件号，kcvfhrfn

8、修改表空间的名称， kcvfhtnm

9、修改表空间的长度，kcvfhtln

10、修改检查点的SCN，kcvfhckp

11、修改检查点的时间，kcvcptim

12、修改检查点的计数器，kcvfhcpc

13、修改检查点的控制文件备份的计数器， kcvfhccc

14、如果你修改是1号文件的1号块他的root rdba的地针是指向了bootstrap$

利用BBED恢复数据文件头

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