RK3568 Android固件介绍、固件烧录、开机进系统

固件介绍

编译生成的固件在rockdev/Image-rk3568_r目录下，包含如下文件：
baseparameter.img：
boot-debug.img：//usr固件往往没有root权限，此时可以烧它以进行root权限操作
boot.img   //包含了kernel.img、resource.img、ramdisk，但Android不能直接烧kernel.img和resource.img了，取而代之的是boot.img。需要使用build.sh -K 命令来编译 kernel从而得到boot.img。

config.cfg   //烧写工具的配置文件 ，可以直接导入烧写工具显示需要烧写的选项
dtbo.img  //由dts编译得到，修改了dts将会编到这里
MiniLoaderAll.bin  //很底层的loader程序，包含一级loader
misc.img  //包含recovery-wipe开机标识信息，烧写它后会进行recovery
parameter.txt   //分区表
pcba_small_misc.img //包含pcba开机标识信息，烧写后会进入简易版pcba模式
pcba_whole_misc.img //包含pcba开机标识信息，烧写后会进入完整版pcba模式
recovery.img  //包含了recovery-ramdis、kernel、dtb、resource等，是一个精简版的小系统。完整烧录固件后第一次开机或者从未正常进系统时  开机要先跑这个；正常进过系统后 再开机 就不会跑这里了，在某些条件 如进recovery才会跑这里。所以，当遇到烧录后无法正常开机，我们改了kernel，则一定要记得烧recovery.img和boot.img 或者全烧。
resource.img  //开机logo、开机充电logo等资源
super.img  //包含odm、product、vendor、system、system_ext分区内容 ；所以改了Android系统层 要烧这个
uboot.img   //uboot
update.img  //这是由零散固件打包而成的
vbmeta.img   //包含avb校验信息，用于AVB校验

我们可以烧分散的img：（红色部分）

也可以烧update.img，等同于全烧。

注：(trust.img 包含BL31、BL32 ，RK3566/RK3568没生成这个，所以不需要烧写trust.img了)

安装支持RK3568的USB驱动

安装文件在SDK/RKTools/windows/DriverAssitant_v5.1.1.zip

如果以前已安装过旧版的驱动，则需更新，先卸载再安装即可。

新版驱动支持新型号芯片 也兼容旧芯片的。

烧录固件前，最好先确认一下手上的板子硬件是否正常

烧录固件前，如果板子已烧录过别人的固件，先确认一下板子能否正常开机、常见模块如屏、TP、HDMI等是否正常；接串口打印看能否正常抓log；看ADB功能是否正常。

固件烧录用到的工具及烧录注意事项

SDK/RKTools/windows/AndroidTool/RKDevTool_Release_v2.84.zip

烧录RK3568 Android11的固件，要用v2.84版。新版工具支持新型号芯片 也兼容旧芯片的。

此工具免安装，解压，双击 RKDevTool.exe 直接运行即可。

此工具有三个界面：

烧录分散固件的界面：

一般先选parameter，工具由parameter.txt知道要烧哪些分区 及 分区表是怎样的。

选了不同的parameter.txt，工具界面会变的。

 烧录update.img固件界面：

注：烧分散固件或统一固件 都要在loader模式或maskroom模式下才能烧。

可以由adb模式切换到loader模式；

白片会进maskroom模式；或者短接板子触点 进maskroom；

在loader模式下 可以全烧 也可烧几个需要的分区（一般parameter也是要烧的）。

maskroom模式 一定要全烧，不能烧部分。

 高级功能界面，如固件解包、读取各种信息、从机器中导出某个分区镜像、擦除EMMC中的某一部分等：

上电开机

烧完固件后 PC工具会触发板子自动开机

看log

通过top看有哪些进程，判断系统已经起来。

看PC有没有识别到ADB设备。

第一次烧录会先执行recovery，再跑普通模式的uboot 、kernel。重刷了misc.img 后也会先跑一次recovery 再跑普通模式的uboot 、kernel。

开机log走读

第一次开机

 
烧完固件 自动重启，先执行一次recovery
先初始化DDR，打印DDR相关信息，然后DDR逐步升频 一个个try：

如果容量不对  或者跑到某些频点就失败，则需检查硬件DDR部分。

DDR Version V1.11 20211103
In
ddrconfig:0
LP4 MR14:0x4d
LPDDR4, 324MHz
BW=32 Col=10 Bk=8 CS0 Row=17 CS=1 Die BW=16 Size=4096MB
tdqss: cs0 dqs0: 361ps, dqs1: 265ps, dqs2: 313ps, dqs3: 192ps, 

change to: 324MHz
PHY drv:clk:38,ca:38,DQ:30,odt:0
vrefinner:41%, vrefout:41%
dram drv:40,odt:0
clk skew:0x58

change to: 528MHz
PHY drv:clk:38,ca:38,DQ:30,odt:0
vrefinner:41%, vrefout:41%
dram drv:40,odt:0
clk skew:0x78

change to: 780MHz
PHY drv:clk:38,ca:38,DQ:30,odt:0
vrefinner:41%, vrefout:41%
dram drv:40,odt:0
clk skew:0x5c

change to: 1560MHz(final freq)
PHY drv:clk:38,ca:38,DQ:30,odt:60
vrefinner:16%, vrefout:29%
dram drv:40,odt:80
vref_ca:00000068
clk skew:0x19
cs 0:
the read training result:
DQS0:0x32, DQS1:0x32, DQS2:0x33, DQS3:0x2b, 
min  : 0xf  0xd 0x12  0xf  0x2  0x6  0x9  0x4 , 0xc  0xb  0x7  0x3 0x10  0xb 0x13  0xb ,
      0x14 0x13  0xc  0xb  0x4  0x1  0x4  0x5 , 0xc  0x8  0x9  0x1  0xf  0xe  0xd  0xe ,
mid  :0x2a 0x28 0x2d 0x2a 0x1d 0x21 0x24 0x1f ,0x27 0x25 0x1e 0x1e 0x2a 0x26 0x2a 0x25 ,
      0x2f 0x2d 0x27 0x26 0x1f 0x1d 0x1f 0x21 ,0x25 0x21 0x21 0x1c 0x29 0x28 0x25 0x29 ,
max  :0x45 0x44 0x48 0x45 0x39 0x3d 0x40 0x3a ,0x42 0x3f 0x35 0x39 0x45 0x42 0x41 0x3f ,
      0x4a 0x47 0x42 0x41 0x3b 0x3a 0x3b 0x3d ,0x3f 0x3a 0x3a 0x37 0x43 0x42 0x3e 0x44 ,
range:0x36 0x37 0x36 0x36 0x37 0x37 0x37 0x36 ,0x36 0x34 0x2e 0x36 0x35 0x37 0x2e 0x34 ,
      0x36 0x34 0x36 0x36 0x37 0x39 0x37 0x38 ,0x33 0x32 0x31 0x36 0x34 0x34 0x31 0x36 ,
the write training result:
DQS0:0x61, DQS1:0x4d, DQS2:0x57, DQS3:0x3f, 
min  :0xab 0xad 0xb2 0xad 0x9f 0xa1 0xa6 0xa5 0xa5 ,0x97 0x98 0x90 0x92 0x9d 0x9c 0x9c 。。。。。。

CA Training result:
cs:0 min  :0x3e 0x36 0x30 0x29 0x33 0x27 0x34 ,0x40 0x36 0x35 0x2f 0x33 0x2c 0x39 ,
cs:0 mid  :0x79 0x77 0x6b 0x68 0x6d 0x67 0x61 ,0x7b 0x77 0x70 0x6c 0x6e 0x6b 0x64 ,
cs:0 max  :0xb5 0xb8 0xa6 0xa8 0xa8 0xa8 0x8e ,0xb7 0xb9 0xac 0xaa 0xaa 0xaa 0x90 ,
cs:0 range:0x77 0x82 0x76 0x7f 0x75 0x81 0x5a ,0x77 0x83 0x77 0x7b 0x77 0x7e 0x57 ,
out

准备执行Uboot：
U-Boot SPL board init
U-Boot SPL 2017.09-gaaca6ffec1-211203 #zzz (Dec 03 2021 - 18:42:16)
unknown raw ID phN
unrecognized JEDEC id bytes: 00, 00, 00
Trying to boot from MMC2
MMC error: The cmd index is 1, ret is -110
Card did not respond to voltage select!
mmc_init: -95, time 10
spl: mmc init failed with error: -95
Trying to boot from MMC1
Magic is incorrect.
Error validating A/B metadata from disk. Resetting and writing new A/B metadata to disk.
SPL: A/B-slot: _a, successful: 0, tries-remain: 7
Trying fit image at 0x4000 sector
## Verified-boot: 0
## Checking atf-1 0x00040000 ... sha256(fe4f274c06...) + OK
## Checking uboot 0x00a00000 ... sha256(232cd51e70...) + OK
## Checking fdt 0x00b2fd30 ... sha256(9679fe2a45...) + OK
## Checking atf-2 0x00068000 ... sha256(8d44036095...) + OK
## Checking atf-3 0xfdcd0000 ... sha256(e410275b51...) + OK
## Checking atf-4 0xfdcc9000 ... sha256(990c53fc01...) + OK
## Checking atf-5 0x00066000 ... sha256(315a4195a9...) + OK
## Checking optee 0x08400000 ... sha256(08e1fd41e1...) + OK
Jumping to U-Boot(0x00a00000) via ARM Trusted Firmware(0x00040000)
Total: 246.927 ms

INFO:    Preloader serial: 2
NOTICE:  BL31: v2.3():v2.3-181-gc9a647cae:cl
NOTICE:  BL31: Built : 10:55:41, Oct 18 2021
INFO:    GICv3 without legacy support detected.
INFO:    ARM GICv3 driver initialized in EL3
INFO:    pmu v1 is valid
INFO:    dfs DDR fsp_param[0].freq_mhz= 1560MHz
INFO:    dfs DDR fsp_param[1].freq_mhz= 324MHz
INFO:    dfs DDR fsp_param[2].freq_mhz= 528MHz
INFO:    dfs DDR fsp_param[3].freq_mhz= 780MHz
INFO:    Using opteed sec cpu_context!
INFO:    boot cpu mask: 0
INFO:    BL31: Initializing runtime services
INFO:    BL31: Initializing BL32
I/TC: 
I/TC: OP-TEE version: 3.13.0-595-gf5add58be #hisping.lin (gcc version 10.2.1 20201103 (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 10.2-2020.11 (arm-10.16))) #26 Tue Dec 21 15:50:44 CST 2021 aarch64
I/TC: Primary CPU initializing
I/TC: Primary CPU switching to normal world boot
INFO:    BL31: Preparing for EL3 exit to normal world
INFO:    Entry point address = 0xa00000
INFO:    SPSR = 0x3c9

//uboot已经运行起来
U-Boot 2017.09 #ubuntu (Apr 10 2022 - 22:25:43 +0800) 

Model: Rockchip RK3568 Evaluation Board
PreSerial: 2, raw, 0xfe660000
DRAM:  4 GiB
Sysmem: init
Relocation Offset: ed349000
Relocation fdt: eb9f8a08 - eb9fecd8
CR: M/C/I
Using default environment

dwmmc@fe2b0000: 1, dwmmc@fe2c0000: 2, sdhci@fe310000: 0
Bootdev(atags): mmc 0
MMC0: HS200, 200Mhz
PartType: EFI
DM: v1
boot mode: recovery (misc)
boot mode: recovery (misc)
Android 11.0, Build 2021.8, v2
Found DTB in recovery part
DTB: rk-kernel.dtb
HASH(c): OK
ANDROID: fdt overlay OK
I2c0 speed: 100000Hz
vsel-gpios- not found! Error: -2
vdd_cpu init 900000 uV
PMIC:  RK8090 (on=0x40, off=0x00)
vdd_logic init 900000 uV
vdd_gpu init 900000 uV
vdd_npu init 900000 uV
io-domain: OK
Model: Rockchip RK3568 EVB1 DDR4 V10 Board
Rockchip UBOOT DRM driver version: v1.0.1
VOP have 2 active VP
vp0 have layer nr:3[1 3 5 ], primary plane: 5
vp1 have layer nr:3[0 2 4 ], primary plane: 4
vp2 have layer nr:0[], primary plane: 0
Using display timing dts
dsi@fe060000:  detailed mode clock 132000 kHz, flags[8000000a]
    H: 1080 1095 1097 1127
    V: 1920 1935 1937 1952
bus_format: 100e
VOP update mode to: 1080x1920p0, type: MIPI0 for VP1
rockchip_vop2_init:No hdmi0_phy_pll_uboot clk found, use system clk
rockchip_vop2_init:No hdmi1_phy_pll_uboot clk found, use system clk
VOP VP1 enable Smart0[654x270->654x270@213x825] fmt[2] addr[0xedf04000]
final DSI-Link bandwidth: 876 Mbps x 4
disp info 0, type:11, id:0
hdmi@fe0a0000 disconnected
CLK: (sync kernel. arm: enter 816000 KHz, init 816000 KHz, kernel 0N/A)
  apll 1416000 KHz
  dpll 780000 KHz
  gpll 1188000 KHz
  cpll 1000000 KHz
  npll 1200000 KHz
  vpll 660000 KHz
  hpll 24000 KHz
  ppll 200000 KHz
  armclk 1416000 KHz
  aclk_bus 150000 KHz
  pclk_bus 100000 KHz
  aclk_top_high 500000 KHz
  aclk_top_low 400000 KHz
  hclk_top 150000 KHz
  pclk_top 100000 KHz
  aclk_perimid 300000 KHz
  hclk_perimid 150000 KHz
  pclk_pmu 100000 KHz
Net:   eth1: ethernet@fe010000, eth0: ethernet@fe2a0000
Hit key to stop autoboot('CTRL+C'):  0 
ANDROID: reboot reason: "recovery"
optee api revision: 2.0
Vboot=0, AVB images, AVB verify
read_is_device_unlocked() ops returned that device is UNLOCKED
avb_footer.c:41: ERROR: Footer magic is incorrect.
avb_vbmeta_image.c:65: ERROR: Magic is incorrect.
avb_slot_verify.c:773: ERROR: recovery: Error verifying vbmeta image: invalid vbmeta header
Verify recovery with vbmeta.
avb_slot_verify.c:762: ERROR: vbmeta: Error verifying vbmeta image: OK_NOT_SIGNED
get image from preloaded partition...
ANDROID: Hash OK
Could not find "system" partition
Booting IMAGE kernel at 0x00280000 with fdt at 0x0a100000...

Fdt Ramdisk skip relocation
## Booting Android Image at 0x0027f800 ...
Kernel: 0x00280000 - 0x020c6008 (31001 KiB)
ramdisk:    0x0a200000 - 0x0c6bc120 (37617 KiB)
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 0x0a100000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x0a100000
   XIP Kernel Image from 0x00280000 to 0x00280000 ... OK
   kernel loaded at 0x00280000, end = 0x020c6008
  'reserved-memory' linux,cma: addr=10000000 size=800000
  'reserved-memory' ramoops@110000: addr=110000 size=f0000
   Using Device Tree in place at 000000000a100000, end 000000000a12442a
vp0, plane_mask:0x2a, primary-id:5, curser-id:-1
vp1, plane_mask:0x15, primary-id:4, curser-id:-1
vp2, plane_mask:0x0, primary-id:0, curser-id:-1
Adding bank: 0x00200000 - 0x08400000 (size: 0x08200000)
Adding bank: 0x09400000 - 0xf0000000 (size: 0xe6c00000)
Adding bank: 0x1f0000000 - 0x200000000 (size: 0x10000000)
Total: 2814.32 ms

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x412fd050]
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.19.219 (ubuntu@ubuntu-VirtualBox) (gcc version 6.3.1 20170404 (Linaro GCC 6.3-2017.05), GNU ld (Linaro_Binutils-2017.05) 2.27.0.20161019) #9 SMP PREEMPT Sun Apr 10 22:36:11 CST 2022
[    0.000000] Machine model: Rockchip RK3568 EVB1 DDR4 V10 Board
[    0.000000] earlycon: uart8250 at MMIO32 0x00000000fe660000 (options '')
[    0.000000] bootconsole [uart8250] enabled
[    0.000000] Reserved memory: created CMA memory pool at 0x0000000010000000, size 8 MiB
[    0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node linux,cma, compatible id shared-dma-pool
[    0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT.
[    0.000000] psci: PSCIv1.1 detected in firmware.
[    0.000000] psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs
[    0.000000] psci: Trusted OS migration not required
[    0.000000] psci: SMC Calling Convention v1.2
[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 24 pages/cpu s58968 r8192 d31144 u98304
[    0.000000] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU0
[    0.000000] CPU features: detected: Virtualization Host Extensions
[    0.000000] CPU features: detected: Speculative Store Bypassing Safe (SSBS)
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 1027656
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: storagemedia=emmc androidboot.storagemedia=emmc androidboot.mode=normal  androidboot.dtb_idx=0 androidboot.dtbo_idx=0  androidboot.verifiedbootstate=orange androidboot.serialno=a3b1698a32424d64 console=ttyFIQ0 androidboot.baseband=N/A androidboot.wificountrycode=CN androidboot.veritymode=enforcing androidboot.hardware=rk30board androidboot.console=ttyFIQ0 androidboot.verifiedbootstate=orange firmware_class.path=/vendor/etc/firmware init=/init rootwait ro loop.max_part=7 buildvariant=userdebug earlycon=uart8250,mmio32,0xfe660000 androidboot.boot_devices=fe310000.sdhci,fe330000.nandc
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes)
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0xe9f00000-0xedf00000] (64MB)
[    0.000000] Memory: 3941380K/4175872K available (15422K kernel code, 2072K rwdata, 9304K rodata, 4160K init, 949K bss, 226300K reserved, 8192K cma-reserved)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
[    0.000000]  Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[    0.000000] GICv3: GIC: Using split EOI/Deactivate mode
。。。。。。
分区信息：
recovery filesystem table
=========================
  0 /mnt/internal_sd  vfat /dev/block/platform/ff0f0000.dwmmc/by-name/user 0
  1 /mnt/external_sd  vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 0
  2 /system  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/system 0
  3 /vendor  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/vendor 0
  4 /odm  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/odm 0
  5 /product  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/product 0
  6 /system_ext  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/system_ext 0
  7 /cache  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/cache 0
  8 /metadata  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/metadata 0
  9 /data  f2fs /dev/block/by-name/userdata 0
  10 /cust  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/cust 0
  11 /custom  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/custom 0
  12 /radical_update  ext4 /dev/block/by-name/radical_update 0
  13 /misc  emmc /dev/block/by-name/misc 0
  14 /uboot  emmc /dev/block/by-name/uboot 0
  15 /charge  emmc /dev/block/by-name/charge 0
  16 /resource  emmc /dev/block/by-name/resource 0
  17 /parameter  emmc /dev/block/by-name/parameter 0
  18 /boot  emmc /dev/block/by-name/boot 0
  19 /recovery  emmc /dev/block/by-name/recovery 0
  20 /backup  emmc /dev/block/by-name/backup 0
  21 /frp  emmc /dev/block/by-name/frp 0
  22 /trust  emmc /dev/block/by-name/trust 0
  23 /baseparamer  emmc /dev/block/by-name/baseparamer 0
  24 /vbmeta  emmc /dev/block/by-name/vbmeta 0
  25 /dtbo  emmc /dev/block/by-name/dtbo 0
  26 /vendor_boot  emmc /dev/block/by-name/vendor_boot 0
  27 /tmp  ramdisk ramdisk 0

exit=================
result_point[0] is ----/dev/block/mmcblk2
111
emmc_point is /dev/block/mmcblk2
sd_point is (null)
sd_point_2 is (null)
read cmdline
I:Boot command: boot-recovery
I:Got 2 arguments from boot message
ensure_path_mounted path=/cache/recovery/last_locale 
I:[libfs_mgr]superblock s_max_mnt_count:65535,/dev/block/by-name/cache
[    3.551143] EXT4-fs (mmcblk2p10): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: 
I:[libfs_mgr]__mount(source=/dev/block/by-name/cache,target=/cache,type=ext4)=0: Success
Loading make_device from librecovery_ui_ext.so
W:Failed to read max brightness: No such file or directory
I:Screensaver disabled
[    3.557174] rockchip-dmc dmc: cpu0 policy NULL
。。。。。。 
[    7.353879] rockchip-dmc dmc: cpu3 policy NULL
Rebooting...
[    7.396652] rk808 0-0020: reboot: not restore POWER_EN
[    7.397046] rockchip-vop2 fe040000.vop: [drm:vop2_crtc_atomic_disable] Crtc atomic disable vp0
Failed to drmModePageFlip: Device or resource busy
[    7.438006] rkisp_hw fdff0000.rkisp: rkisp_hw_shutdown
[    7.445380] mpp_rkvdec2 fdf80200.rkvdec: shutdown device
[    7.445865] mpp_jpgdec fded0000.jpegd: shutdown device
[    7.446320] mpp-iep2 fdef0000.iep: shutdown device
[    7.446752] mpp_vepu2 fdee0000.vepu: shutdown device
[    7.447216] mpp_vdpu2 fdea0400.vdpu: shutdown device
libc: Fatal signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x8 in tid 123 (recovery), pid 117 (recovery)
[    7.448514] mpp_rkvenc fdf40000.rkvenc: shutdown device
[    7.448977] mpp_rkvenc fdf40000.rkvenc: shutdown success
[    7.449799] rknand_shutdown...
[    7.450687] reboot: Restarting system with command 'userrequested,recovery'

recovery执行完毕，重新启动，开始走正常启动流程
DDR Version V1.11 20211103
In
ddrconfig:0
LP4 MR14:0x4d
LPDDR4, 324MHz
BW=32 Col=10 Bk=8 CS0 Row=17 CS=1 Die BW=16 Size=4096MB
tdqss: cs0 dqs0: 385ps, dqs1: 289ps, dqs2: 337ps, dqs3: 241ps, 

change to: 324MHz
PHY drv:clk:38,ca:38,DQ:30,odt:0
vrefinner:41%, vrefout:41%
dram drv:40,odt:0
clk skew:0x58

。。。。。。

change to: 1560MHz(final freq)
PHY drv:clk:38,ca:38,DQ:30,odt:60
vrefinner:16%, vrefout:29%
dram drv:40,odt:80
vref_ca:00000068
clk skew:0x1d
cs 0:
the read training result:
DQS0:0x31, DQS1:0x30, DQS2:0x32, DQS3:0x29,

。。。。。。。

U-Boot 2017.09 #ubuntu (Apr 10 2022 - 22:25:43 +0800)

Model: Rockchip RK3568 Evaluation Board
PreSerial: 2, raw, 0xfe660000
DRAM:  4 GiB
Sysmem: init
Relocation Offset: ed349000
Relocation fdt: eb9f8a08 - eb9fecd8
CR: M/C/I
Using default environment

dwmmc@fe2b0000: 1, dwmmc@fe2c0000: 2, sdhci@fe310000: 0
Bootdev(atags): mmc 0
MMC0: HS200, 200Mhz
PartType: EFI
DM: v1
boot mode: recovery (misc)
boot mode: normal
Android 11.0, Build 2021.8, v2
Found DTB in boot part
DTB: rk-kernel.dtb

ANDROID: Hash OK
Could not find "system" partition
Booting IMAGE kernel at 0x00280000 with fdt at 0x0a100000...

Fdt Ramdisk skip relocation
## Booting Android Image at 0x0027f800 ...
Kernel: 0x00280000 - 0x020c6008 (31001 KiB)
ramdisk:    0x0a200000 - 0x0a2c8c37 (804 KiB)
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 0x0a100000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x0a100000
   XIP Kernel Image from 0x00280000 to 0x00280000 ... OK
   kernel loaded at 0x00280000, end = 0x020c6008
  'reserved-memory' linux,cma: addr=10000000 size=800000
  'reserved-memory' ramoops@110000: addr=110000 size=f0000
   Using Device Tree in place at 000000000a100000, end 000000000a12442a
vp0, plane_mask:0x2a, primary-id:5, curser-id:-1
vp1, plane_mask:0x15, primary-id:4, curser-id:-1
vp2, plane_mask:0x0, primary-id:0, curser-id:-1
Adding bank: 0x00200000 - 0x08400000 (size: 0x08200000)
Adding bank: 0x09400000 - 0xf0000000 (size: 0xe6c00000)
Adding bank: 0x1f0000000 - 0x200000000 (size: 0x10000000)
Total: 2193.283 ms

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x412fd050]
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.19.219 (ubuntu@ubuntu-VirtualBox) (gcc version 6.3.1 20170404 (Linaro GCC 6.3-2017.05), GNU ld (Linaro_Binutils-2017.05) 2.27.0.20161019) #9 SMP PREEMPT Sun Apr 10 22:36:11 CST 2022
[    0.000000] Machine model: Rockchip RK3568 EVB1 DDR4 V10 Board
[    0.000000] earlycon: uart8250 at MMIO32 0x00000000fe660000 (options '')
[    0.000000] bootconsole [uart8250] enabled
[    0.000000] Reserved memory: created CMA memory pool at 0x0000000010000000, size 8 MiB

[    0.000000] CPU features: detected: Speculative Store Bypassing Safe (SSBS)
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 1027656
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: storagemedia=emmc androidboot.storagemedia=emmc androidboot.mode=normal  androidboot.dtb_idx=0 androidboot.dtbo_idx=0  androidboot.verifiedbootstate=orange androidboot.serialno=a3b1698a32424d64 console=ttyFIQ0 androidboot.baseband=N/A androidboot.wificountrycode=CN androidboot.veritymode=enforcing androidboot.hardware=rk30board androidboot.console=ttyFIQ0 androidboot.verifiedbootstate=orange firmware_class.path=/vendor/etc/firmware init=/init rootwait ro loop.max_part=7 buildvariant=userdebug earlycon=uart8250,mmio32,0xfe660000 androidboot.boot_devices=fe310000.sdhci,fe330000.nandc
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes)
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
。。。。。。

[   69.993688] healthd: battery l=50 v=3 t=2.6 h=2 st=3 fc=100 chg=au

console:/ $ 
console:/ $ 
console:/ $ ps

USER            PID   PPID     VSZ    RSS WCHAN            ADDR S NAME                       
shell           149      1 10771076  2860 sigsuspend          0 S sh
shell          1971    149 10773488  3260 0                   0 R ps
console:/ $ 
console:/ $ top
  Mem:  3983888K total,  1973356K used,  2010532K free,  93392896 buffers
 Swap:  1991940K total,         0 used,  1991940K free,  1042660K cached
400%cpu   1%user   0%nice   2%sys 396%idle   0%iow   1%irq   0%sirq   0%host
   PID USER         PR  NI VIRT  RES  SHR S[%CPU] %MEM     TIME+ ARGS                                                                                                                                                                        
  2000 shell        20   0  10G 4.4M 3.4M R  2.6   0.1   0:00.25 top
   .......

  1559 u0_a71       20   0  13G 118M  78M S  0.0   3.0   0:01.97 android.process.acore
ttings
   990 radio        20   0  13G 145M  96M S  0.0   3.7   0:09.86 com.android.phone
   968 secure_elem+ 20   0  13G 100M  62M S  0.0   2.5   0:00.13 com.android.se
   939 u0_a115      20   0  13G 226M 148M S  0.0   5.8   0:06.11 com.android.launcher3
   908 network_sta+ 20   0  13G 116M  77M S  0.0   2.9   0:00.34 com.android.networkstack.process
   885 webview_zyg+ 20   0 1.6G  63M  33M S  0.0   1.6   0:00.06 webview_zygote
   671 u0_a121      20   0  13G 113M  73M S  0.0   2.8   0:01.85 com.android.permissioncontroller
   645 u0_a113      20   0  14G 257M 168M S  0.0   6.5   0:10.53 com.android.systemui
   438 system       18  -2  16G 424M 342M S  0.0  10.9   0:26.43 system_server
  ......
   361 incidentd    20   0  10G 4.8M 4.0M S  0.0   0.1   0:00.03 incidentd
   356 drm          20   0  21M 6.3M 5.3M S  0.0   0.1   0:00.05 drmserver
   351 cameraserver 20   0  48M  18M  15M S  0.0   0.4   0:00.38 cameraserver
   350 nobody       20   0  10G 3.2M 2.6M S  0.0   0.0   0:00.01 traced
   349 nobody       20   0  10G 3.1M 2.5M S  0.0   0.0   0:00.02 traced_probes
   347 shell        20   0  10G 5.0M 4.3M S  0.0   0.1   0:00.07 adbd --root_seclabel=u:r:su:s0
   312 gpu_service  20   0  10G 6.3M 5.2M S  0.0   0.1   0:00.06 gpuservice
   310 credstore    20   0  10G 7.1M 6.1M S  0.0   0.1   0:00.05 credstore /data/misc/credstore
   309 audioserver  20   0  11G  21M  18M S  0.0   0.5   0:00.58 audioserver
通过看关键服务 和 APK 特别是launcher apk是否跑起来，可以判断系统是否已经正常跑起来。
 

第二次及以后开机

      成功开机后，后续开机就不跑recovery 直接跑正常模式了。

没有显示屏或显示不正常的情况下可用抓屏工具来看界面

详情请看 

Android 投屏工具https://mp.csdn.net/mp_blog/creation/editor/124699487