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Java 单元测试获取目标日志内容进行断言的推荐姿势

JAVA 测试 日志
2023-03-15 23:27:16 时间

一、背景

我们写单元测试的时候，偶尔需要获取被测试对象的 logger 输出的内容，用于断言或者通过单元测试辅助自己排查问题。

比如： （1）需要断言某个日志被输出过（不能仅仅将输出对象改为 Console 查看内容，还需要通过 Assert 进行断言)

（2）某个方法比较复杂，中间多处打印日志，单测中 mock 依赖的对象之后，需要看到哪些日志被输出了。（运行单元测试时，通常不会输出到控制台，通常很多同学会临时在目标对象里添加打印语句，测试通过后删除，非常麻烦）

自己瞎想下:

可以自己实现 Logger 接口或者封装一个 LoggerWrapper 作为外壳 ，测试时将 Logger mock 为我们自定义的 Logger类 在调用日志的方法时，将对应的内容存储到成员变量容器中 后面断言或者打印时，取出来即可。

今天介绍一个比较成熟的解决方案： log-captor

二、 介绍

GITHUB 地址：https://github.com/Hakky54/log-captor

最新版本：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.github.hakky54/logcaptor

2021年11月22日 最新版本

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.github.hakky54groupId>
    <artifactId>logcaptorartifactId>
    <version>2.7.2version>
    <scope>testscope>
dependency>

2.1 常规测试

被测试类：

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

public class FooService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(FooService.class);

    public void sayHello() {
        LOGGER.info("Keyboard not responding. Press any key to continue...");
        LOGGER.warn("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");
    }

}

单元测试：

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

import nl.altindag.log.LogCaptor;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class FooServiceShould {

    @Test
    public void logInfoAndWarnMessages() {
        LogCaptor logCaptor = LogCaptor.forClass(FooService.class);

        FooService fooService = new FooService();
        fooService.sayHello();

        // Get logs based on level
        assertThat(logCaptor.getInfoLogs()).containsExactly("Keyboard not responding. Press any key to continue...");
        assertThat(logCaptor.getWarnLogs()).containsExactly("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");

        // Get all logs
        assertThat(logCaptor.getLogs())
                .hasSize(2)
                .contains(
                    "Keyboard not responding. Press any key to continue...",
                    "Congratulations, you are pregnant!"
                );
    }
}

2.2 复用 logCaptor

import nl.altindag.log.LogCaptor;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;

public class FooServiceShould {

    private static LogCaptor logCaptor;
    private static final String EXPECTED_INFO_MESSAGE = "Keyboard not responding. Press any key to continue...";
    private static final String EXPECTED_WARN_MESSAGE = "Congratulations, you are pregnant!";
    
    @BeforeAll
    public static setupLogCaptor() {
        logCaptor = LogCaptor.forClass(FooService.class);
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void clearLogs() {
        logCaptor.clearLogs();
    }
    
    @AfterAll
    public static void tearDown() {
        logCaptor.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void logInfoAndWarnMessagesAndGetWithEnum() {
        FooService service = new FooService();
        service.sayHello();

        assertThat(logCaptor.getInfoLogs()).containsExactly(EXPECTED_INFO_MESSAGE);
        assertThat(logCaptor.getWarnLogs()).containsExactly(EXPECTED_WARN_MESSAGE);

        assertThat(logCaptor.getLogs()).hasSize(2);
    }

    @Test
    public void logInfoAndWarnMessagesAndGetWithString() {
        FooService service = new FooService();
        service.sayHello();

        assertThat(logCaptor.getInfoLogs()).containsExactly(EXPECTED_INFO_MESSAGE);
        assertThat(logCaptor.getWarnLogs()).containsExactly(EXPECTED_WARN_MESSAGE);

        assertThat(logCaptor.getLogs()).hasSize(2);
    }

}

2.3 设置日志级别

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

public class FooService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(FooService.class);

    public void sayHello() {
        if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
            LOGGER.debug("Keyboard not responding. Press any key to continue...");
        }
        LOGGER.info("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");
    }

}

测试日志级别

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

import nl.altindag.log.LogCaptor;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class FooServiceShould {

    @Test
    public void logInfoAndWarnMessages() {
        LogCaptor logCaptor = LogCaptor.forClass(FooService.class);
        logCaptor.setLogLevelToInfo();

        FooService fooService = new FooService();
        fooService.sayHello();

        assertThat(logCaptor.getInfoLogs()).contains("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");
        assertThat(logCaptor.getDebugLogs())
            .doesNotContain("Keyboard not responding. Press any key to continue...")
            .isEmpty();
    }
}

2.4 异常日志

import nl.altindag.log.service.Service;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

public class FooService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZooService.class);

    @Override
    public void sayHello() {
        try {
            tryToSpeak();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            LOGGER.error("Caught unexpected exception", e);
        }
    }

    private void tryToSpeak() throws IOException {
        throw new IOException("KABOOM!");
    }
}

异常日志断言

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

import nl.altindag.log.LogCaptor;
import nl.altindag.log.model.LogEvent;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class FooServiceShould {

    @Test
    void captureLoggingEventsContainingException() {
        LogCaptor logCaptor = LogCaptor.forClass(ZooService.class);

        FooService service = new FooService();
        service.sayHello();

        List<LogEvent> logEvents = logCaptor.getLogEvents();
        assertThat(logEvents).hasSize(1);

        LogEvent logEvent = logEvents.get(0);
        assertThat(logEvent.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Caught unexpected exception");
        assertThat(logEvent.getLevel()).isEqualTo("ERROR");
        assertThat(logEvent.getThrowable()).isPresent();

        assertThat(logEvent.getThrowable().get())
                .hasMessage("KABOOM!")
                .isInstanceOf(IOException.class);
    }
}

更多高级用法，请参考 github 示例或源码中单元测试。

三、总结

大家在开发时，遇到无法满足的场景时，优先寻找是否有前人已经很好地解决了该问题。 一方面可以验证自己的想法是否靠谱。 另外一方面，即使对方没有很好地解决，也可以参考他人的思路，自己再进行改进。

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